Medieval Hungary

Kingdom of Hungary Names
Regnum Hungariae  (Latin) Königreich Ungarn  (German) Magyar Királyság  (Hungarian)
1000–1918 1920–1946
Flag (1867-1918) Coat of Arms
Motto Regnum Mariae Patrona Hungariae "Kingdom of Mary, the Patron of Hungary"
Anthem Himnusz Hymn Royal anthem God save, God protect Our Emperor, Our Country!
Kingdoms of Hungary (dark green) and Croatia-Slavonia (light green) within Austria-Hungary in 1914
Capital		Budapest Historical capitals: Esztergom (10th to mid-13th century) Buda (mid-13th century to 1541)a Pressburg (1536–1783) Debrecen (1849) Székesfehérvár (place of diets, royal seat, crowning and burial site from 1000 to 1543)
Languages		Official languages: Latin (1000–1784; 1790–1844) German (1784–1790; 1849–1867) Hungarian (1844–1849; 1867–1946) Other spoken languages: Romanian, Slovak, Croatian, Slovene, Serbian, Italian, Ruthenian, Carpathian Romani, Yiddish, Polish
Religion		Roman Catholic,Calvinism, Lutheranism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Eastern Catholic, Unitarianism, Judaism
Government		Monarchy
Monarch
•	1000–1038	Stephen I (first)
•	1916–1918	Charles IV (last)
•	1920–1944	Regent Miklós Horthy
Palatine
•	1009–1038	Samuel Aba
•	1847–1848	Stephen Francis Victor
Prime Minister
•	1848	Lajos Batthyány
•	1945–1946	Zoltán Tildy
Legislature		Diet (from the 1290s)
•	Upper house	House of Magnates (1867–1918; 1926–1945)
•	Lower house	House of Representatives (1867–1918; 1927–1945)
Historical era		2nd millennium
•	Coronation of Stephen I	25 December 1000
•	Ottoman occupation of Buda	29 August 1541
•	Hungarian Revolution	15 March 1848
•	1867 Compromise	20 March 1867
•	Treaty of Trianon	4 June 1920
•	Monarchy abolished	1 February 1946
Area
•	1910	282,870 km² (109,217 sq mi)
•	1930	93,073 km² (35,936 sq mi)
•	1941	172,149 km² (66,467 sq mi)
Population
•	1711 est.	3,000,000
•	1790 est.	8,000,000
•	1910 est.	18,264,533
Density		64.6 /km²  (167.2 /sq mi)
•	1930 est.	8,688,319
Density		93.3 /km²  (241.8 /sq mi)
•	1941 est.	14,669,100
Density		85.2 /km²  (220.7 /sq mi)
Currency		Florentinus (1325–1553) Thaler Florin (1754–1867) Forint (1867–1892) Korona (1892–1918) Korona (1919–1926) Pengő (1927–1946) Adópengő (1946)
Preceded by Succeeded by Principality of Hungary Hungarian Republic (1919–20) First Hungarian Republic Second Hungarian Republic
Today part of		Austria  Bosnia and Herzegovina  Croatia  Hungary  Poland  Romania  Serbia  Slovakia  Slovenia  Ukraine
a.	First became capital in 1256

The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed from the Middle Ages into the twentieth century (1000–1946 with the exception of 1918–1920). The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the coronation of the first king Stephen I at Esztergom in about the year 1000; his family (the Árpád dynasty) led the monarchy for 300 years. By the 12th century, the kingdom became a European middle power within the Western world.

Due to the Ottoman occupation of the central and southern territories in the 16th century, the monarchy split into three parts: the Habsburg Royal Hungary, Ottoman Hungary and the semi-independent Principality of Transylvania. The House of Habsburg held the Hungarian throne after the Battle of Mohács until 1918 and also played a key role in the liberation wars against the Ottoman Empire.

From 1867 territories connected to the Hungarian crown were incorporated into Austria-Hungary under the name of Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen. The monarchy ended with the deposition of the last king Charles IV in 1918, after which Hungary became a republic. The kingdom was nominally restored during the "Regency" of 1920–46, ending with the Soviet occupation in 1946.