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Kingdom of Hungary (1920-1946)

Kingdom of Hungary
Magyar Királyság
1920–1946
Flag Coat of arms
Motto
"Regnum Mariae Patrona Hungariae"(Latin)
"Kingdom of Mary, the Patron of Hungary"
Anthem
Himnusz
Hymn
Extent of the Kingdom of Hungary in 1942.
Capital Budapest
Languages Hungarian (official)  · German · Romanian · Rusyn · Slovak · Croatian · Serbian · Slovene · Carpathian Romani · Mideastern Yiddish
Religion Roman Catholicism · Calvinism · Lutheranism · Eastern Orthodoxy · Eastern Catholicism · Unitarianism · Judaism
Government Authoritarian regency
(1920–1944)
Agrarian fascist one-party state
(1944–1945)
King
 •  1920–1946 Vacant a
Head of State
 •  1920–1944 Miklós Horthyb
 •  1944–1945 Ferenc Szálasic
 •  1945–1946 High National Councild
Prime Minister
 •  1920 (first) Károly Huszár
 •  1945–1946 (last) Zoltán Tildy
Legislature Diet
 •  Upper Felsőház
 •  Representatives Képviselőház
Historical era Interwar · World War II
 •  Monarchy restored 29 February 1920
 •  Treaty of Trianon 4 June 1920
 •  First Vienna Award 2 November 1938
 •  Second Vienna Award 30 August 1940
 •  Hungarist take-over 16 October 1944
 •  Monarchy abolished 1 February 1946
Area
 •  1920 92,833 km² (35,843 sq mi)
 •  1930 93,073 km² (35,936 sq mi)
 •  1941 172,149 km² (66,467 sq mi)
Population
 •  1920 est. 7,980,143 
     Density 86 /km²  (222.6 /sq mi)
 •  1930 est. 8,688,319 
     Density 93.3 /km²  (241.8 /sq mi)
 •  1941 est. 14,669,100 
     Density 85.2 /km²  (220.7 /sq mi)
Currency Hungarian korona (1920–1927)
Hungarian pengő (1927–1946)
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Hungarian Republic (1919–20)
Czechoslovak Republic (1918–1938)
Carpatho-Ukraine
Slovak Republic (1939–45)
Kingdom of Romania
Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Republic of Hungary (1946–1949)
Czechoslovak Republic (1945–48)
Kingdom of Romania
Democratic Federal Yugoslavia
Soviet Union
Today part of  Croatia
 Hungary
 Romania
 Serbia
 Slovakia
 Slovenia
 Ukraine
a. Claimed by former King Charles IV of Hungary in 1921.
b. Miklós Horthy used the title "Regent".
c. Ferenc Szálasi used the title "Nation Leader".
d. Ruled as a collective head of state.

The Kingdom of Hungary (Hungarian: Magyar Királyság), also known as the Regency, existed from 1920 to 1946 as a de facto country under Regent Miklós Horthy. Horthy officially represented the Hungarian monarchy of Charles IV, Apostolic King of Hungary. Attempts by Charles IV to return to the throne were prevented by threats of war from neighbouring countries and by the lack of support from Horthy (see the conflict of Charles IV with Miklós Horthy).

The country has been regarded by some historians to have been a client state of Germany from 1938 to 1944. The Kingdom of Hungary under Horthy was an Axis Power during most of World War II. In 1944, after Horthy's government considered leaving the war, Hungary was occupied by Nazi Germany and Horthy was deposed. The Arrow Cross Party's leader Ferenc Szálasi established a new Nazi-backed government, effectively turning Hungary into a German puppet state.

After World War II, Hungary fell within the Soviet Union's sphere of interest. In 1946, the Second Hungarian Republic was established under Soviet influence. In 1949, the communist Hungarian People's Republic was founded.

Upon the dissolution and break-up of Austria-Hungary after World War I, the Hungarian Democratic Republic and then the Hungarian Soviet Republic were briefly proclaimed in 1918 and 1919, respectively. The short-lived communist government of Béla Kun launched what was known as the "Red Terror", involving Hungary in an ill-fated war with Romania. In 1920, the country fell into a period of civil conflict, with Hungarian anti-communists and monarchists violently purging the nation of communists, leftist intellectuals, and others whom they felt threatened by, especially Jews. This period was known as the "White Terror". In 1920, after the pullout of the last of the Romanian occupation forces, the Kingdom of Hungary was restored.


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