Czechoslovak Republic (1945–48)
| Czechoslovak Republic | ||||||||||||||||||
| Československá republika | ||||||||||||||||||
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Motto Pravda vítězí / Pravda víťazí "Truth prevails" |
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Anthem
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| Capital | Prague | |||||||||||||||||
| Languages | Czech · Slovak | |||||||||||||||||
| Government | Parliamentary republic | |||||||||||||||||
| President | ||||||||||||||||||
| • | 1945–1948 | Edvard Beneš | ||||||||||||||||
| Prime Minister | ||||||||||||||||||
| • | 1945–1946 | Zdeněk Fierlinger | ||||||||||||||||
| • | 1946–1948 | Klement Gottwald | ||||||||||||||||
| Historical era | Cold War | |||||||||||||||||
| • | Surrender of Nazi Germany | April 1945 | ||||||||||||||||
| • | Communist seizure of power | 25 February 1948 | ||||||||||||||||
| Area | ||||||||||||||||||
| • | 1992 | 127,900 km² (49,382 sq mi) | ||||||||||||||||
| Population | ||||||||||||||||||
| • | 1992 est. | 15,600,000 | ||||||||||||||||
| Density | 122 /km² (315.9 /sq mi) | |||||||||||||||||
| Currency | Czechoslovak koruna | |||||||||||||||||
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During World War II, Czechoslovakia disappeared from the map of Europe. The Third Czechoslovak Republic which emerged as a sovereign state was not only the result of the policies of the victorious Western allies, France, the United Kingdom and the United States, but also an indication of the strength of the Czechoslovak ideal embodied in the First Czechoslovak Republic. However, at the conclusion of World War II, Czechoslovakia fell within the Soviet sphere of influence, and this circumstance dominated any plans or strategies for postwar reconstruction. Consequently, the political and economic organisation of Czechoslovakia became largely a matter of negotiations between Edvard Beneš and Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ) exiles living in Moscow.
In February 1948, the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia seized full power in a coup d'état. Although the country's official name remained the Czechoslovak Republic until 1960, when it was changed to the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, February 1948 is considered the end of the Third Republic.
The Third Republic came into being in April 1945. Its government, installed at Košice on 4 April and moved to Prague after its liberation on 10 May, was a National Front coalition in which three socialist parties—KSČ, Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party, and Czechoslovak National Social Party—predominated. The Slovak Popular Party was banned as collaborationist with the Nazis. Other conservative yet democratic parties, such as the Republican Party of Farmers and Peasants, were prevented from resuming activities in the postwar period. Certain acceptable nonsocialist parties were included in the coalition; among them were the Catholic People's Party (in Moravia) and the Slovak Democratic Party. Employing 61.2 percent of the industrial labour force—were nationalised.
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