Kingdom of Hungary (1920-1944)

Kingdom of Hungary
Magyar Királyság
1920–1946
Flag Coat of arms
Motto "Regnum Mariae Patrona Hungariae"(Latin) "Kingdom of Mary, the Patron of Hungary"
Anthem Himnusz Hymn
Extent of the Kingdom of Hungary in 1942.
Capital		Budapest
Languages		Hungarian (official)  · German · Romanian · Rusyn · Slovak · Croatian · Serbian · Slovene · Carpathian Romani · Mideastern Yiddish
Religion		Roman Catholicism · Calvinism · Lutheranism · Eastern Orthodoxy · Eastern Catholicism · Unitarianism · Judaism
Government		Authoritarian regency (1920–1944) Agrarian fascist one-party state (1944–1945)
King
•	1920–1946	Vacant a
Head of State
•	1920–1944	Miklós Horthyb
•	1944–1945	Ferenc Szálasic
•	1945–1946	High National Councild
Prime Minister
•	1920 (first)	Károly Huszár
•	1945–1946 (last)	Zoltán Tildy
Legislature		Diet
•	Upper	Felsőház
•	Representatives	Képviselőház
Historical era		Interwar · World War II
•	Monarchy restored	29 February 1920
•	Treaty of Trianon	4 June 1920
•	First Vienna Award	2 November 1938
•	Second Vienna Award	30 August 1940
•	Hungarist take-over	16 October 1944
•	Monarchy abolished	1 February 1946
Area
•	1920	92,833 km2 (35,843 sq mi)
•	1930	93,073 km2 (35,936 sq mi)
•	1941	172,149 km2 (66,467 sq mi)
Population
•	1920 est.	7,980,143
Density		86/km2 (223/sq mi)
•	1930 est.	8,688,319
Density		93/km2 (242/sq mi)
•	1941 est.	14,669,100
Density		85/km2 (221/sq mi)
Currency		Hungarian korona (1920–1927) Hungarian pengő (1927–1946)
Preceded by Succeeded by Hungarian Republic (1919–20) Czechoslovak Republic (1918–1938) Carpatho-Ukraine Slovak Republic (1939–45) Kingdom of Romania Kingdom of Yugoslavia Republic of Hungary (1946–1949) Czechoslovak Republic (1945–48) Kingdom of Romania Democratic Federal Yugoslavia Soviet Union
Today part of		Croatia  Hungary  Romania  Serbia  Slovakia  Slovenia  Ukraine
a.	Claimed by former King Charles IV of Hungary in 1921, who died the following year.
b.	Miklós Horthy used the title "Regent".
c.	Ferenc Szálasi used the title "Nation Leader".
d.	Ruled as a collective head of state.

The Kingdom of Hungary (Hungarian: Magyar Királyság), also known as the Regency, existed from 1920 to 1946 as a de facto country under Regent Miklós Horthy. Horthy officially represented the Hungarian monarchy of Charles IV, Apostolic King of Hungary. Attempts by Charles IV to return to the throne were prevented by threats of war from neighbouring countries and by the lack of support from Horthy.

The country has been regarded by some historians to have been a client state of Germany from 1938 to 1944. The Kingdom of Hungary under Horthy was an Axis Power during most of World War II. In 1944, after Horthy's government considered leaving the war, Hungary was occupied by Nazi Germany and Horthy was deposed. The Arrow Cross Party's leader Ferenc Szálasi established a new Nazi-backed government, effectively turning Hungary into a German puppet state.

After World War II, Hungary fell within the Soviet Union's sphere of interest. In 1946, the Second Hungarian Republic was established under Soviet influence. In 1949, the communist Hungarian People's Republic was founded.

Upon the dissolution and break-up of Austria-Hungary after World War I, the Hungarian Democratic Republic and then the Hungarian Soviet Republic were briefly proclaimed in 1918 and 1919, respectively. The short-lived communist government of Béla Kun launched what was known as the "Red Terror", involving Hungary in an ill-fated war with Romania. In 1920, the country fell into a period of civil conflict, with Hungarian anti-communists and monarchists violently purging the nation of communists, leftist intellectuals, and others whom they felt threatened by, especially Jews. This period was known as the "White Terror". In 1920, after the pullout of the last of the Romanian occupation forces, the Kingdom of Hungary was restored.