Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1526)
| Kingdom of Hungary Names |
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| Regnum Hungariae (Latin) Königreich Ungarn (German) Magyar Királyság (Hungarian) |
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Motto Regnum Mariae Patrona Hungariae "Kingdom of Mary, the Patron of Hungary" |
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Anthem Himnusz Hymn Royal anthem God save, God protect Our Emperor, Our Country! |
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 Kingdoms of Hungary (dark green) and Croatia-Slavonia (light green) within Austria-Hungary in 1914
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| Capital |
Budapest Historical capitals: Esztergom (10th to mid-13th century) Buda (mid-13th century to 1541)a Pressburg (1536–1783) Debrecen (1849) Székesfehérvár (place of diets, royal seat, crowning and burial site from 1000 to 1543) |
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| Languages |
Official languages: Latin (1000–1784; 1790–1844) German (1784–1790; 1849–1867) Hungarian (1844–1849; 1867–1946) Other spoken languages: Romanian, Slovak, Croatian, Slovene, Serbian, Italian, Ruthenian, Carpathian Romani, Yiddish, Polish |
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| Religion | Roman Catholic,Calvinism, Lutheranism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Eastern Catholic, Unitarianism, Judaism | |||||||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | |||||||||||||
| Monarch | ||||||||||||||
| • | 1000–1038 | Stephen I (first) | ||||||||||||
| • | 1916–1918 | Charles IV (last) | ||||||||||||
| • | 1920–1944 | Regent Miklós Horthy | ||||||||||||
| Palatine | ||||||||||||||
| • | 1009–1038 | Samuel Aba | ||||||||||||
| • | 1847–1848 | Stephen Francis Victor | ||||||||||||
| Prime Minister | ||||||||||||||
| • | 1848 | Lajos Batthyány | ||||||||||||
| • | 1945–1946 | Zoltán Tildy | ||||||||||||
| Legislature | Diet (from the 1290s) | |||||||||||||
| • | Upper house |
House of Magnates (1867–1918; 1926–1945) |
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| • | Lower house |
House of Representatives (1867–1918; 1927–1945) |
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| Historical era | 2nd millennium | |||||||||||||
| • | Coronation of Stephen I | 25 December 1000 | ||||||||||||
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Ottoman occupation of Buda |
29 August 1541 | ||||||||||||
| • | Hungarian Revolution | 15 March 1848 | ||||||||||||
| • | 1867 Compromise | 20 March 1867 | ||||||||||||
| • | Treaty of Trianon | 4 June 1920 | ||||||||||||
| • | Monarchy abolished | 1 February 1946 | ||||||||||||
| Area | ||||||||||||||
| • | 1910 | 282,870 km² (109,217 sq mi) | ||||||||||||
| • | 1930 | 93,073 km² (35,936 sq mi) | ||||||||||||
| • | 1941 | 172,149 km² (66,467 sq mi) | ||||||||||||
| Population | ||||||||||||||
| • | 1711 est. | 3,000,000 | ||||||||||||
| • | 1790 est. | 8,000,000 | ||||||||||||
| • | 1910 est. | 18,264,533 | ||||||||||||
| Density | 64.6 /km² (167.2 /sq mi) | |||||||||||||
| • | 1930 est. | 8,688,319 | ||||||||||||
| Density | 93.3 /km² (241.8 /sq mi) | |||||||||||||
| • | 1941 est. | 14,669,100 | ||||||||||||
| Density | 85.2 /km² (220.7 /sq mi) | |||||||||||||
| Currency | Florentinus (1325–1553) Thaler Florin (1754–1867) Forint (1867–1892) Korona (1892–1918) Korona (1919–1926) Pengő (1927–1946) Adópengő (1946) |
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| Today part of |
 Austria Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia Hungary Poland Romania Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Ukraine
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| a. | First became capital in 1256 | |||||||||||||
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The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed from the Middle Ages into the twentieth century (1000–1946 with the exception of 1918–1920). The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the coronation of the first king Stephen I at Esztergom in about the year 1000; his family (the Árpád dynasty) led the monarchy for 300 years. By the 12th century, the kingdom became a European middle power within the Western world.
Due to the Ottoman occupation of the central and southern territories of Hungary in the 16th century, the country was partitioned into three parts: the Habsburg Royal Hungary, Ottoman Hungary and the semi-independent Principality of Transylvania. The House of Habsburg held the Hungarian throne after the Battle of Mohács until 1918 and also played a key role in the liberation wars against the Ottoman Empire.
From 1867 territories connected to the Hungarian crown were incorporated into Austria-Hungary under the name of Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen. The monarchy ended with the deposition of the last king Charles IV in 1918, after which Hungary became a republic. The kingdom was nominally restored during the "Regency" of 1920–46, ending with the Soviet occupation in 1946.
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