Karakhanid
| Kara-Khanid Khanate | ||||||||||||||||
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 Kara Khanid Khanate, c. 1000.
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| Government | Monarchy | |||||||||||||||
| Khagan, Khan | ||||||||||||||||
| • | 840–893 (first) | Bilge Kul Qadir-Khan | ||||||||||||||
| • | 1204–1212 (last) | Uthman Ulugh-Sultan | ||||||||||||||
| History | ||||||||||||||||
| • | Established | 840 | ||||||||||||||
| • | Disestablished | 1212 | ||||||||||||||
| Area | ||||||||||||||||
| • | 1025 est. | 3,000,000 km² (1,158,306 sq mi) | ||||||||||||||
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| Today part of | ||||||||||||||||
in Anatolia
Artuqid dynasty
Saltuqid dynasty
in Azerbaijan
Ahmadili dynasty
Ildenizid dynasty
in Egypt
Tulunid dynasty
Ikhshidid dynasty
in Fars
Salghurid dynasty
in The Levant
Burid dynasty
Zengid dynasty
in Yemen
Rasulid dynasty
The Kara-Khanid Khanate was a Turkic dynasty that ruled in Transoxania in Central Asia, ruled by a dynasty known in literature as the Karakhanids (also spelt Qarakhanids) or Ilek Khanids or Āl-e Afrāsiyāb. Both the dynastic names of Karakhanids and Ilek Khanids refer to royal titles with Kara Kağan being the most important Turkish title up till the end of the dynasty.
The Khanate conquered Transoxania in Central Asia and ruled it between 999–1211. Their arrival in Transoxania signaled a definitive shift from Iranian to Turkic predominance in Central Asia, yet the Kara-khanids gradually assimilated the Perso-Arab Muslim culture, while retaining some of their native Turkish culture.
Their capitals included Kashgar, Balasagun, Uzgen and Samarkand. Their history is reconstructed from fragmentary and often contradictory written sources, as well as studies on their coinage.
The Karakhanids were a confederation formed some time in the 9th century of Karluks, Yaghmas, Chigils, and other tribes living in Semirechye, Western Tian Shan (modern Kyrgyzstan), and Western Xinjiang (Kashgaria). The name of the royal clan is not actually known; the term Karakhanid is artificial—it was derived from Qara Khan (Persian: قراخان, translit. Qarākhān) or Qara Khaqan (the word "Qara" means "black" and also "courageous"), which was the foremost title of the rulers of the dynasty, and was devised by European Orientalists in the 19th century to describe both the dynasty and the Turks ruled by it. Arabic Muslim sources called this dynasty al-Khaqaniya ("That of the Khaqans"), while Persian sources often preferred the term Al-i Afrasiyab (Persian: آل افراسیاب, translit. Āl-i Afrāsiyāb, lit. 'House of Afrisyab') on the basis of the legendary kings of pre-Islamic Transoxania.
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Wikipedia