Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China

Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China 中華人民共和國香港特別行政區
Flag Emblem
Anthem: "March of the Volunteers"
City flower Bauhinia blakeana (洋紫荊)
Location of Hong Kong
Status	Special administrative region
Official languages	Chinese English
Official scripts	Traditional Chinese English alphabet
Ethnic groups	93.6% Chinese 6.4% others
Demonym	Hongkonger Hong Kongese 香港人
Sovereign state	People's Republic of China
Government	Multi-party system
• Chief Executive	Leung Chun-ying
• Chief Justice	Geoffrey Ma
• Chief Secretary for Administration	Matthew Cheung
• Financial Secretary	Paul Chan Mo-po
• Secretary for Justice	Rimsky Yuen
• President of the Legislative Council	Andrew Leung
Legislature	Legislative Council
History
• British possession	26 January 1841
• Treaty of Nanking	29 August 1842
• Convention of Peking	18 October 1860
• Second Convention of Peking	1 July 1898
• Japanese occupation	25 December 1941 to 15 August 1945
• Transfer of sovereignty from United Kingdom	1 July 1997
Area
• Total	2,755 km2 (1,064 sq mi) (167th)
• Water (%)	59.8 (1,649 km2; 637 sq mi)
Population
• 2014 estimate	7,234,800 (100th)
• Density	6,544/km2 (16,948.9/sq mi) (4th)
GDP (PPP)	2015 estimate
• Total	$412.300 billion (44th)
• Per capita	$56,428 (10th)
GDP (nominal)	2015 estimate
• Total	$310.074 billion (36th)
• Per capita	$42,437 (18th)
Gini (2011)	53.7 high
HDI (2014)	0.910 very high · 12th
Currency	Hong Kong dollar (HK$) (HKD)
Time zone	(UTC+8)
• Summer (DST)	not observed (UTC+8)
Date format	dd-mm-yyyy yyyy年mm月dd日
Drives on the	left
Calling code	+852
ISO 3166 code	HK
Internet TLD	.hk   .香港
^ Cantonese is the de facto standard of Chinese used.

Hong Kong
Clockwise from top:Skyline of Hong Kong Island from the Peak, Tian Tan Buddha, Two International Finance Centre, Kennedy Town, Nathan Road, Avenue of Stars, Government House and Tsing Ma Bridge
Chinese
Cantonese Yale	Hēunggóng or Hèunggóng
Literal meaning	Fragrant Harbour
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Xiānggǎng Bopomofo ㄒㄧㄤ   ㄍㄤˇ Gwoyeu Romatzyh Shianggaang Wade–Giles Hsiang1-kang3 Yale Romanization Syānggǎng IPA [ɕjáŋ.kàŋ] Wu Romanization shian平kaon上 Hakka Romanization Hiong1gong3 Yue: Cantonese Yale Romanization Hēunggóng or Hèunggóng IPA [hœ́ːŋ.kɔ̌ːŋ] or [hœ̂ːŋ.kɔ̌ːŋ] Jyutping Hoeng1gong2 Canton Romanization Hêng1gong2 Southern Min Hokkien POJ Hiong-kang
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
Traditional Chinese	(香港特區)
Simplified Chinese	(香港特区)
Cantonese Yale	Hēunggóng Dahkbiht Hàhngjingkēui (Hēunggóng Dahkkēui) or Hèunggóng Dahkbiht Hàhngjingkèui (Hèunggóng Dahkkèui)
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Xiānggǎng Tèbié Xíngzhèngqū (Xiānggǎng Tèqū) Bopomofo ㄒㄧㄤ   ㄍㄤˇ ㄊㄜˋ   ㄅㄧㄝˊ ㄒㄧㄥˊ   ㄓㄥˋ   ㄑㄩ (ㄒㄧㄤ   ㄍㄤˇ   ㄊㄜˋ   ㄑㄩ) Gwoyeu Romatzyh Shianggaang Tehbye Shyngjenqchiu (Shianggaang Tehchiu) Wade–Giles Hsiang1-kang3 Tʻê4-⁠pieh2 Hsing2-⁠chêng4-⁠chʻü1 (Hsiang1-kang3 T'e4-ch'ü1) Yale Romanization Syāngggǎng Tèbyé Syíngjèngchyū (Syānggǎng Tèchyū) IPA [ɕjáŋ.kàŋ tʰɤ̂.pjě ɕǐŋ.ʈʂə̂ŋ.tɕʰý] ([ɕjáŋ.kàŋ tʰɤ̂.tɕʰý]) Wu Romanization shian平kaon上 deh入⁠bih入 ghan平⁠tsen去⁠chiu平 (shian平kaon上 deh入chiu平) Hakka Romanization Hiong1gong3 Tet6⁠piet6 Hang2⁠zin4⁠ki1 (Hiong1gong3 Tet6ki1) Yue: Cantonese Yale Romanization Hēunggóng Dahkbiht Hàhngjingkēui (Hēunggóng Dahkkēui) or Hèunggóng Dahkbiht Hàhngjingkèui (Hèunggóng Dahkkèui) IPA [hœ́ːŋ.kɔ̌ːŋ tɐ̀k̚.pìːt̚ hɐ̏ŋ.tsēŋ.kʰɵ́y̯] ([hœ́ːŋ.kɔ̌ːŋ tɐ̀k̚.kʰɵ́y̯]) or [hœ̂ːŋ.kɔ̌ːŋ tɐ̀k̚.pìːt̚ hɐ̏ŋ.tsēŋ.kʰɵ̂y̯] ([hœ̂ːŋ.kɔ̌ːŋ tɐ̀k̚.kʰɵ̂y̯]) Jyutping Hoeng1gong2 Dak6bit6 Hang4zing3keoi1 (Hoeng1gong2 Dak6keoi1) Canton Romanization Hêng1gong2 Deg6⁠bid6 Heng4⁠jing3⁠kêu1 (Hêng1gong2 Deg6kêu1) Southern Min Hokkien POJ Hiong-kang Te̍k-⁠pia̍t Hêng-⁠chèng-⁠khu (Hiong-kang Te̍k-khu)

Hong Kong (Chinese: ; literally: "Fragrant Harbour" or "Incense Harbour"), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, is an autonomous territory on the Pearl River Delta of East Asia.Macau lies across the delta to the west, and the Chinese province of Guangdong borders the territory to the north. With a total land area of 1,106 square kilometres (427 sq mi) and a population of over 7.3 million of various nationalities, it ranks as the world's fourth most densely populated sovereign state or territory.

After the First Opium War (1839–42), Hong Kong became a British colony with the perpetual cession of Hong Kong Island, followed by the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 and a 99-year lease of the New Territories from 1898. Hong Kong was later occupied by Japan during World War II until British control resumed in 1945. In the early 1980s, negotiations between the United Kingdom and China resulted in the 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration, which paved way for the transfer of sovereignty of Hong Kong in 1997, when it became a special administrative region (SAR) with a high degree of autonomy.

Under the principle of "one country, two systems", Hong Kong maintains a separate political and economic system from China. Except in military defence and foreign affairs, Hong Kong maintains its independent executive, legislative and judiciary powers. In addition, Hong Kong develops relations directly with foreign states and international organisations in a broad range of "appropriate fields".