Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory
| Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory | |||||||||||||||||
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| Traditional Chinese | 《中英展拓香港界址專條》 | ||||||||||||||||
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| Transcriptions | |
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| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | (Zhōng-Yīng) Zhǎntuò Xīanggǎng Jìezhǐ Zhuāntíao |
| Wade–Giles | (Chung1-In1) Chan3-t'o4 Hsiang1-kang3 Chieh4-chih3 Chuan1-t'iao2 |
| Hakka | |
| Romanization | (Zung1-Yin1) Zien3tok5 Hiong1gong3 Gai4zi3 Zon1tiau2 |
| Yue: Cantonese | |
| Jyutping | (Zung1-Jing1) Zin2tok3 Hoeng1gong2 Gaai3zi2 Zyun1tiu4 |
The Convention between the United Kingdom and China, Respecting an Extension of Hong Kong Territory, commonly known as the Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory or the Second Convention of Peking, was a lease signed between Qing China and the United Kingdom in 1898. The original copy of the Convention is now kept in the National Palace Museum in Taiwan.
In the wake of China's defeat in the First Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895), the British took advantage of the other European powers' scramble to carve up the country and forced the treaty on the weakened Chinese government. The convention was signed on 9 June 1898 in Beijing (Peking). The contract was signed to give the British full jurisdiction of the newly acquired land that was necessary to ensure proper military defence of the colony around the island. Some of the earliest proposals for the land's usage in 1894 included cemetery space, an exercise ground for British troops as well as land for development. From the British perspective concerns over security and territorial defence provided the major impetus for the agreement.
Under the convention the territories north of what is now Boundary Street and south of the Sham Chun River, and the surrounding islands, later known as the "New Territories" were leased to the United Kingdom for 99 years rent-free, expiring on 30 June 1997, and became part of the crown colony of Hong Kong. The Kowloon Walled City was excepted and remained under control by Qing China. The territories which were leased to the United Kingdom were originally governed by Xin'an County, Guangdong province. Claude MacDonald, the British representative during the convention, picked a 99-year lease because he thought it was "as good as forever."
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