Sino-British Joint Declaration
| Signed | 19 December 1984 |
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| Parties |
 People's Republic of China United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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| Sino-British Joint Declaration | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 中英聯合聲明 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Simplified Chinese | 中英联合声明 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Joint Declaration of the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of the People's Republic of China on the Question of Hong Kong | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 中華人民共和國政府和大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯合王國政府關於香港問題的聯合聲明 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 中华人民共和国政府和大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国政府关于香港问题的联合声明 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Zhōng-Yīng Liánhé Shēngmíng [ ] |
| Wade–Giles | Chung1-Yin1 Lien2 Ho2 Sheng1 Ming2 |
| Yale Romanization | Jūng-Yīng Lyánhé Shēngmíng |
| Hakka | |
| Romanization | Zung1-Yin1 Lien2hap6 Sang1min2 |
| Yue: Cantonese | |
| Yale Romanization | Jūng-yīng lyùhnhahp singmìhng |
| IPA | [tsʊ́ŋjɪ́ŋ ly̏ːnhɐ̀p ɕɪ́ŋmɪ̏ŋ] |
| Jyutping | Zung1-Jing1 Lyun4hap6 Sing1ming4 |
| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó zhèngfŭ hé Dà Búlièdiàn jí Běi Ài'ěrlán Liánhé Wángguó zhèngfŭ guānyú Xiānggǎng Wèntí de Liánhé Shēngmíng [ ] |
| Yale Romanization | Jūnghwá Rénmín Gùnghégwó jèngfǔ hé Dà Búlyèhdyàhn jí Běi Ài'ěrlán Lyánhé Wángguó jèngfǔ gwānyú Syānggǎng Wèntí de Lyánhé Shēngmíng |
| Hakka | |
| Romanization | Zung1fa2 Ngin2min2 Kiung4fo2get5(or gok5) zin4fu3 fo2 Tai4 But5liet6dien1 kip6 Bet5 Oi4li3(or ni3)lan2 Lien2hap6 Vong2get5(or gok5) zin4fu3 gan1yi1 Hiong1gong3 Mun4ti2 dit5(or e4) Lien2hap6 Sang1min2 |
| Yue: Cantonese | |
| Yale Romanization | Jūngwàah Jàhnmàhn Guhngwòhgwok jing fú wòh daaih bāk liht dīn kahp bāk oi yíh làahn lyùhn hahp wòhng gwok jing fú gwāan yū heùng góng mahn taìh dīk lyùhn hahp sīng mìhng |
| Jyutping | Zung1waa4 Jan4man4 Gung6wo4gwok3 zing3fu2 wo4 Daai6 Bak1lit6din1 kap6 Bak1 Oi3ji5laan4 Lyun4hap6 Wong4gwok3 zing3fu2 gwaan1jyu1 Hoeng1gong2 Man6tai4 dik1 Lyun4hap6 Sing1ming4 |
The Sino–British Joint Declaration, formally known as the Joint Declaration of the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of the People's Republic of China on the Question of Hong Kong, was signed by Premier Zhao Ziyang of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher of the United Kingdom (UK) on behalf of their respective governments on 19 December 1984 in Beijing.
The Declaration entered into force with the exchange of instruments of ratification on 27 May 1985, and was registered by the PRC and UK governments at the United Nations on 12 June 1985. In the Joint Declaration, the PRC Government stated that it had decided to resume the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong (including Hong Kong Island, Kowloon, and the New Territories) with effect from 1 July 1997, and the UK Government declared that it would hand over Hong Kong to the PRC with effect from 1 July 1997. The PRC Government also declared its basic policies regarding Hong Kong in the document.
In accordance with the "one country, two systems" principle agreed between the UK and the PRC, the socialist system of PRC would not be practised in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), and Hong Kong's previous capitalist system and its way of life would remain unchanged for a period of 50 years until 2047. The Joint Declaration provides that these basic policies should be stipulated in the Hong Kong Basic Law and that the socialist system and socialist policies shall not be practised in HKSAR.
The background of the Sino–British Joint Declaration was the pending expiration of the lease of the New Territories on 1 July 1997. The lease was negotiated between the UK and the Guangxu Emperor of China, and was for a period of 99 years starting from 1 July 1898 under the Second Convention of Peking. At the time of the lease signing, Hong Kong Island had already been ceded to the UK in perpetuity under the Treaty of Nanjing in 1842 after the First Opium War, and the southern part of the Kowloon Peninsula as well as the Stonecutters Island had also been ceded to the UK in perpetuity under the Convention of Beijing in 1860 after the Second Opium War.
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