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Flag of Khiva

Khanate of Khiva
Semi-independent state
(under Russian protection 1873–1917)
1511–1920


Flag

The Khanate of Khiva (bordered in red), c. 1700.
Capital Khiva
Languages Uzbek Turkic
Persian
Religion Islam
Government Absolute monarchy
Khan
 •  1511–1518 Ilbars I (first)
 •  1918–1920 Sayid Abdullah (last)
History
 •  Established 1511
 •  Kungrad dynasty established 1804
 •  Russian conquest 12 August 1873
 •  Disestablished 2 February 1920
Area
 •  1911 67,521 km² (26,070 sq mi)
Population
 •  1902 est. 700,000 
 •  1908 est. 800,000 
 •  1911 est. 550,000 
     Density 8.1 /km²  (21.1 /sq mi)
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Timurid Empire
Golden Horde
Khorezm People's Soviet Republic
Today part of  Uzbekistan
 Turkmenistan
 Kazakhstan


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The Khanate of Khiva was a Central Asian Turkic state that existed in the historical region of Khwarezm from 1511 to 1920, except for a period of Afsharid occupation by Nadir Shah between 1740–1746. The Khans were the patrilineal descendants of Shayban (Shiban), the fifth son of Jochi and grandson of Genghis Khan. Centered in the irrigated plains of the lower Amu Darya, south of the Aral Sea, with the capital in Khiva City, the country was ruled by an Uzbek Turkic tribe the Khongirads, that came from Astrakhan. It covered present western Uzbekistan, southwestern Kazakhstan and much of Turkmenistan before Russian arrival at the second half of the 19th century.

In 1873, the Khanate of Khiva was much reduced in size and became a Russian protectorate. Following the Russian Revolution of 1917, Khiva had a revolution too, and in 1920 the Khanate was replaced by the Khorezm People’s Soviet Republic. In 1924, the area was formally incorporated into the Soviet Union and today is largely a part of Karakalpakstan and Xorazm Province in Uzbekistan.


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