A rack of char siu pork
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Alternative names | chasu, cha siu, chashao, cha sio and char siew, barbecued meat, xa xiu |
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Place of origin | China |
Region or state | Chinese-speaking areas, Japan, Southeast Asia |
Main ingredients | Pork, mixture of honey, five-spice powder, fermented tofu (red), dark soy sauce, hoisin sauce, and sherry or rice wine |
Char siu | |||||||||||||||||||
Chinese name | |||||||||||||||||||
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Traditional Chinese | 叉燒 | ||||||||||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 叉烧 | ||||||||||||||||||
Cantonese Yale | chā sīu | ||||||||||||||||||
Hanyu Pinyin | chāshāo | ||||||||||||||||||
Literal meaning | fork roast | ||||||||||||||||||
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Vietnamese name | |||||||||||||||||||
Vietnamese | xá xíu | ||||||||||||||||||
Thai name | |||||||||||||||||||
Thai | หมูแดง | ||||||||||||||||||
RTGS | mu daeng | ||||||||||||||||||
Japanese name | |||||||||||||||||||
Kanji | 叉焼 | ||||||||||||||||||
Kana | チャーシュー | ||||||||||||||||||
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Indonesian name | |||||||||||||||||||
Indonesian | babi panggang merah |
Transcriptions | |
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Standard Mandarin | |
Hanyu Pinyin | chāshāo |
Hakka | |
Romanization | cha seu |
Yue: Cantonese | |
Yale Romanization | chā sīu |
Southern Min | |
Hokkien POJ | chha-sio |
Transcriptions | |
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Romanization | chāshū |
Char siu (Chinese: 叉燒; Cantonese Yale: chā sīu; literally: "fork roast") is a popular way to flavor and prepare barbecued pork in Cantonese cuisine. It is classified as a type of siu mei (燒味), Cantonese roasted meat.
Pork cuts used for char siu can vary, but a few main cuts are common:
Char siu literally means "fork burn/roast" (siu being burn/roast and char being fork, both noun and verb) after the traditional cooking method for the dish: long strips of seasoned boneless pork are skewered with long forks and placed in a covered oven or over a fire.
In ancient times, wild boar and other available meats were used to make char siu. However, in modern times, the meat is typically a shoulder cut of domestic pork, seasoned with a mixture of honey, five-spice powder, hóngfǔrǔ (red fermented bean curd), lao chou (dark soy sauce, 老抽), hoisin sauce (海鮮醬), red food colouring (not a traditional ingredient but very common in today's preparations and is optional), and sherry or rice wine (optional). These seasonings turn the exterior layer of the meat dark red, similar to the "smoke ring" of American barbecues. Maltose may be used to give char siu its characteristic shiny glaze.
Char siu is typically consumed with starch, whether inside a bun (cha siu baau, 叉燒包), with noodles (cha siu mein, 叉燒麵), or with rice (cha siu fan, 叉燒飯) in fast food establishments, or served alone as a centerpiece or main dish in traditional family dining establishments. If it is purchased outside of a restaurant, it is usually taken home and used as one ingredient in various complex entrees consumed at family meals.