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Xuantong

Xuantong Emperor
宣统帝
Aisin-Gioro Puyi 01.jpg
Puyi as the Kangde Emperor, circa March 1934
12th Qing Emperor of China
Reign 14 November 1908 – 12 February 1912
Coronation 14 November 1908
Predecessor Guangxu Emperor
Successor Sun Zhongshan (As President of the Republic of China)
Prime Ministers
Emperor of Manchukuo
Reign 1 May 1934 - 15 August 1945
Predecessor Himself (As Chief Executive)
Successor Chiang Kai Shek (As President of the Republic of China)
Born (1906-02-07)7 February 1906
Beijing, Qing Empire
Died 17 October 1967(1967-10-17) (aged 61)
Beijing, People's Republic of China
Burial Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery
(Later moved to Tomb of Puyi near Western Qing Mausoleum near Beijing in 1996)
Spouse Empress Wanrong
Consort Wenxiu
Tan Yuling
Li Yuqin
Li Shuxian
Era dates
Xuantong (Hsüan-tung in Wade-Giles spelling; 宣統; 1909 – 1912, 1917)
Datong (Ta-tung in Wade-Giles spelling; 大同; 1 March 1932 – 28 February 1934)
Kangde (Kang-te in Wade-Giles spelling; 康德; 1 March 1934 – 17 August 1945)
House House of Aisin Gioro
Father Zaifeng, Prince Chun
Mother Guwalgiya Youlan
Era dates
Xuantong (Hsüan-tung in Wade-Giles spelling; 宣統; 1909 – 1912, 1917)
Datong (Ta-tung in Wade-Giles spelling; 大同; 1 March 1932 – 28 February 1934)
Kangde (Kang-te in Wade-Giles spelling; 康德; 1 March 1934 – 17 August 1945)
Puyi
Traditional Chinese 溥儀
Simplified Chinese 溥仪
Styles of
Xuantong Emperor
Flag of the Qing Dynasty (1889-1912).svg
Reference style His Imperial Majesty
Spoken style Your Imperial Majesty
Alternative style Lord of Ten Thousand Years
Styles of
Kangde Emperor
Flag of the Emperor of Manchukuo.svg
Reference style His Imperial Majesty
Spoken style Your Imperial Majesty
Alternative style Sir

Puyi (Chinese: 溥儀; 7 February 1906 – 17 October 1967), of the Manchu Aisin Gioro clan, commonly known as Henry Pu Yi, was the last Emperor of China and the twelfth and final ruler of the Qing dynasty. When a child, he ruled as the Xuantong Emperor (Chinese: 宣統帝) from 1908 until his forced abdication on 12 February 1912, after the successful Xinhai Revolution. From 1 to 12 July 1917, he was briefly restored to the throne as emperor by the warlord Zhang Xun.

In 1932, after the occupation of Manchuria the state of Manchukuo was established by Japan, and he was chosen to become 'Emperor' of the new state using the era-name of Datong (Ta-tung). In 1934, he was declared the Kangde Emperor (or Kang-te Emperor) of Manchukuo and ruled until the end of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1945. After the People's Republic of China was established in 1949, Puyi was imprisoned as a war criminal for 10 years, wrote his memoirs and became a titular member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and the National People's Congress.

Puyi's name is romanized in English as either "Puyi" or "Pu-yi". This naming is in accordance with the Manchu tradition of avoiding the use of a person's clan name and given name together, but is in complete contravention of Chinese tradition, whereby the given name of a ruler was considered taboo and ineffable. Using a former emperor's personal name (or even using a Chinese character from the name) was a punishable offense under traditional Chinese law. However, after Puyi lost his imperial title in 1924, he was officially styled "Mr. Puyi" (Mr. Pu-yi; simplified Chinese: 溥仪先生; traditional Chinese: 溥儀先生; pinyin: Pǔyí Xiānshēng) in Chinese. His clan name "Aisin Gioro" (simplified Chinese: 爱新觉罗; traditional Chinese: 愛新覺羅; pinyin: Àixīnjuéluó; Wade–Giles: Ai4-hsin1-chüeh2-lo2) was seldom used.


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