Wanyan Zonghan
| Wanyan Zonghan | |
|---|---|
| Birth name | Nianhan (粘罕) Nianmohe (粘沒喝) Wujianu (鳥家奴) (childhood name) |
| Born | 1080 |
| Died | 1136 (aged 55–56) |
| Allegiance | Jin dynasty (1115-1234) |
| Battles/wars | Jin–Song Wars |
| Wanyan Zonghan | |||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 完顏宗翰 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Simplified Chinese | 完颜宗翰 | ||||||||
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| Nianhan (Jurchen name) | |||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 粘罕 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 粘罕 | ||||||||
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| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Wányán Zōnghàn |
| Wade–Giles | Wan-yen Tsung-han |
| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Niánhǎn |
| Wade–Giles | Nien-han |
Nianhan (1080–1136), also known by his sinicised name Wanyan Zonghan, was a Jurchen noble and military general who lived in the founding and early years of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty (1115-1234), which ruled northern China between the 12th and 13th centuries.
Nianhan was the eldest son of Sagai (撒改) and a great-grandson of Wugunai, the chief of the Wanyan tribe. He was a relative of Aguda (Emperor Taizu), the founder of the Jin dynasty, because Aguda was Sagai's cousin and Wugunai's grandson.
Nianhan served as one of Aguda's chief advisers in the Jurchen rebellion against the Khitan-led Liao dynasty in 1114. He participated in the ensuing war between the Jurchens and Khitans that led to the destruction of the Liao dynasty and its replacement by the Jin dynasty. Under Aguda's successor, Wuqimai (Emperor Taizong), Nianhan played a major role in the wars against the Song dynasty. During the campaign of 1125-1126, he was the "left vice-marshal": the commander the Jurchen Western Army, which invaded Shanxi Province and besieged Taiyuan, while the Eastern Army, led by the "right vice-marshal" Wolibu (斡離不), was besieging Bianjing (present-day Kaifeng).
When the war against the Song dynasty resumed in 1126, Nianhan, who had taken Taiyuan, joined Wolibu at the walls of Bianjing. Together the two armies besieged the Song capital for a month, conquered it on January 9, 1127, captured the Song emperors Huizong and Qinzong, and returned to the Jin capital, Huining Prefecture (present-day Acheng District, Harbin), with their prisoners and loot.
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