Jingkang Incident
| Jingkang Incident | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Jin–Song Wars | |||||||||
 Bianjing on the map of modern Henan |
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| Belligerents | |||||||||
| Northern Song dynasty | Jin dynasty | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
| Emperor Qinzong of Song |
Emperor Taizong of Jin Nianhan Wolibu |
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| Strength | |||||||||
| First siege: 200,000 Second siege: 70,000 |
First siege: 100,000 Second siege: 150,000 |
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| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
| Many members of the Song imperial family abducted. Devastating destruction to government and civilians. | Unknown | ||||||||
The Jingkang Incident (靖康事变; 靖康事變; Jìngkāng shì biàn), also known as the Humiliation of Jingkang (靖康之耻; 靖康之恥; Jìngkāng zhī chǐ) and the Disorders of the Jingkang Period (靖康之乱; 靖康之亂; Jìngkāng zhī luàn) took place in 1127 during the Jin–Song Wars when the forces of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty besieged and sacked Bianjing (present-day Kaifeng), the capital of the Han Chinese-led Song dynasty. The Jin forces captured the Song ruler, Emperor Qinzong, along with his father, Emperor Huizong, and many members of the imperial family and officials of the Song imperial court.
This event marked the end of the era known as the Northern Song dynasty, when the Song dynasty controlled most of China. Some members of the Song imperial family, most notably Zhao Gou (later Emperor Gaozong), managed to escape to southern China, where they reestablished the Song dynasty (as the Southern Song dynasty) in the new capital, Lin'an (present-day Hangzhou).
This event was referred to as the "Jingkang Incident" because it took place during the Jingkang era of the reign of Emperor Qinzong; "Jingkang" was the era name of Emperor Qinzong's reign.
In 1120, under the Alliance Conducted at Sea, the Jin and Song dynasties agreed to form a military alliance against the Liao dynasty and, if victorious, divide up the Liao territories. The Jin would get a large portion of the northern land and the Song would get a smaller portion in the southern region called the Sixteen Prefectures.
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