Treaty of Kars

Treaty of Kars

The frontier established in the Treaty of Kars
Type	Peace Treaty
Signed	13 October 1921
Location	Kars, Turkey
Condition	Ratification
Signatories	Grand National Assembly of Turkey Soviet Armenia Soviet Azerbaijan Soviet Georgia
Languages	Turkish, Russian
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The Treaty of Kars (Armenian: Կարսի պայմանագիր, Azerbaijani: Qars müqaviləsi, Georgian: ყარსის ხელშეკრულება, Turkish: Kars Antlaşması, Russian: Карсский договор / Karskiy dogovor) was a treaty signed in Kars on October 13, 1921 and ratified in Yerevan on September 11, 1922. Signatories included representatives from the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, which in 1923 would declare the Republic of Turkey, and also from the future Soviet Armenia, Soviet Azerbaijan, and Soviet Georgia, all of which formed part of the Soviet Union after the Red Army invasion of Georgia and the December 1922 Union Treaty with the participation of Bolshevist Russia. It established the contemporary borders between Turkey and the South Caucasus states and was a successor treaty to the earlier Treaty of Moscow of March 1921, and the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk that marked Russia's exit from World War I. Most of the territories ceded to Turkey in the treaty were acquired by Imperial Russia from the Ottoman Empire during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878. The only exception was the Surmali region, which had been annexed by Russia in the Treaty of Turkmenchay after the last Russo-Persian War with Iran.