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Red Army invasion of Georgia

Red Army invasion of the Democratic Republic of Georgia
Part of Russian Civil War and the Turkish War of Independence
Red Army in Tbilisi Feb 25 1921.jpg
The Red Army in Tbilisi, Feb 25 1921
Date 15 February – 17 March 1921
Location Transcaucasia
Result Soviet and Turkish military victory, establishment of the Georgian SSR.
Democratic Republic of Georgia government exiled to Leuville-sur-Orge, France and the United Kingdom.
Belligerents
 Russian SFSR
 Armenian SSR
 Azerbaijan SSR
Democratic Republic of Georgia Turkey Turkish Provisional Government
Commanders and leaders
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Anatoliy Gekker
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Mikhail Velikanov
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Joseph Stalin
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Grigol Ordzhonikidze
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Filipp Makharadze
Parmen Chichinadze,
Giorgi Kvinitadze,
Giorgi Mazniashvili,
Valiko Jugheli
Turkey Kâzım Karabekir
Strength

Red Army

  • 11th Army
  • 9th Army
  • 98th Independent Rifle Brigade
  • Soviet Armenian Mounted Brigade
  • Red Baku Brigade
  • Ossetian and Abkhazian rebel forces
Up to 40,000 Infantry
4,300 cavalry.
900 Ossetian irregulars.
Unknown number of Abkhazians
196 artillery pieces.
1065 machine guns.
50 fighter aircraft.
7 armored trains.
4 tanks and over a dozen armored cars.

National Guard

  • 1st Rifle Division
  • 2nd Rifle Division
  • Independent Mountain Artillery Division
  • 1st Sukhumi Border Regiment
  • 2nd Border Regiment

11,000 Infantry.
400 mounted infantry.
Hundreds from the People's Guard of Georgia.
46 artillery pieces.
Several hundred machine guns.
A total of 56 fighter aircraft, including 25 Ansaldo SVA-10s and one Sopwith Camel.


4 armored trains.
Several armored cars.
Army of the Grand National Assembly: XV. Corps:
(20,000 men)
Casualties and losses
5,500 Red army soldiers killed and 2,500 captured. Unknown number of wounded. 3,200 soldiers killed or captured. Unknown number of wounded.
3,800 - 5,000 civilians killed
30 Turkish soldiers killed, 26 wounded, 46 missing

Red Army

National Guard

11,000 Infantry.
400 mounted infantry.
Hundreds from the People's Guard of Georgia.
46 artillery pieces.
Several hundred machine guns.
A total of 56 fighter aircraft, including 25 Ansaldo SVA-10s and one Sopwith Camel.

The Red Army invasion of Georgia (15 February – 17 March 1921), also known as the Soviet–Georgian War or the Soviet invasion of Georgia, was a military campaign by the Soviet Russian (RSFSR) Red Army aimed at overthrowing the Social-Democratic (Menshevik) government of the Democratic Republic of Georgia (DRG) and installing a Bolshevik regime in the country. The conflict was a result of expansionist policy by the Soviets, who aimed to control as much as possible of the lands which had been part of the former Russian Empire until the turbulent events of the First World War, as well as the revolutionary efforts of mostly Russian-based Georgian Bolsheviks, who did not have sufficient support in their native country to seize power without external intervention.

The independence of Georgia had been recognized by Soviet Russia in the Treaty of Moscow, signed on 7 May 1920, and the subsequent invasion of the country was not universally agreed upon in Moscow. It was largely engineered by two influential Georgian-born Soviet Russian officials, Stalin (Dzhugashvili) and Sergo (Ordzhonikidze), who on 14 February 1921 got the consent of Soviet leader Vladimir Lenin to advance into Georgia, on the pretext of supporting "peasants and workers rebellion" in the country. Soviet forces took the Georgian capital Tbilisi (then known as Tiflis to most non-Georgian speakers) after heavy fighting and declared the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic on 25 February 1921. The rest of the country was overrun within three weeks, but it was not until September 1924 that Soviet rule was firmly established. Almost simultaneous occupation of a large portion of southwest Georgia by Turkey (February — March 1921) threatened to develop into a crisis between Moscow and Ankara, and led to significant territorial concessions by the Soviets to the Turkish National Government in the Treaty of Kars.


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