Solution process

Solution process (Turkish: Çözüm süreci), also known as the Kurdish–Turkish peace process, was a peace process, which had aimed to resolve the long-running Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978-present). The conflict has been ongoing since 1984 and resulted in some 40,000-100,000 mortal casualties and great economic losses for Turkey as well as high damage to the Kurdish population. Though there was a unilateral cease-fire between 1999 and 2004, the sides failed to gain understanding and the conflict became increasingly violent. The 2013 truce was working until September 2014, when the relations became strained due to spillover of the Syrian Civil War; the truce fully collapsed in July 2015, with the renewed full-scale warfare in South-Eastern Turkey.

The Kurdish–Turkey conflict is an armed conflict between the Republic of Turkey and various Kurdish groups, which have demanded freedom from Turkey to create an independent Kurdistan, or to have autonomy and greater political and cultural rights for Kurds inside the Republic of Turkey. The main rebel group is the Kurdistan Workers' Party or PKK (Kurdish: Partiya Karkerên Kurdistan‎), which is considered a terrorist organisation by Turkey, the United States, the European Union and NATO. However, neither the United Nations nor countries such as Switzerland, India, China, Russia and Egypt have accepted the PKK as a terrorist organization. Although insurgents have carried out attacks in many regions of Turkey, the insurgency is mainly in southeastern Turkey. The PKK's military presence in Iraq's Kurdistan Region, which it uses as launchpad for attacks on Turkey, has resulted in the Turkish military carrying out frequent ground incursions and air and artillery strikes in the region, as the Kurdistan Regional Government claimed they do not have sufficient military forces to prevent the PKK from operating. The conflict has particularly affected Turkey's tourism industry and has cost the Economy of Turkey an estimated 300 to 450 billion dollars, mainly military expenses.

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