Oraon

The Oraon (उरांव) tribes or Kurukh (कुड़ुख) tribe (Kurukh: Oṛāōⁿ and Kuṛuḵẖ), also spelled Uraon, Oran, or Oram, are an Adivasi group inhabiting various states across central and eastern India, Myanmar, Bangladesh, and Bhutan Traditionally, Oraons depended on the forest and farms for their ritual and economic livelihood, but in recent times, a few of them have become mainly settled agriculturalists. Small numbers of Oraons have migrated to the northeastern part of India, where they are mainly employed in tea estates.

According to the Indian Anthropological Society, Konkan is said to be the original home of the Kurukh tribes, from whence they migrated to Northern India. A Kurukh substratum is very prominent in the language of the Konkan or the Konkani language.

The Kurukh or Oraons are the tribals of Chota Nagpur Plateau. The name "Oraon" appears to be an exonym assigned to them by the Munda people of Chotanagpur. It may refer to their many migrations and proneness to roam. They prefer to be called Kurukhar.

They are divided into many totemistic clans. They live in Chhota Nagpur plateau of east-central India which is in Jharkhand; in Raigarh, Surguja, Jashpur districts of Chhattisgarh; Ranchi District of Jharkhand; Jalpaiguri District of West Bengal; Sundargarh District of Odisha, and also in Bihar; Arakan of Myanmar, and Bangladesh. A sizable number of Oraon have migrated to the northeastern part of India, where they are mainly employed in tea estates of West Bengal, Assam, and Tripura.

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