Northern Transylvania
| Eastern and Transylvanian territories re-annexed to the Hungarian Holy Crown A Magyar Szent Koronához visszacsatolt keleti és erdélyi terület |
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| Territory of Hungary | ||||||
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| Government | Military, later civil administration | |||||
| Historical era | World War II | |||||
| • | Second Vienna Award | 30 August 1940 | ||||
| • | Occupation | 5–13 September 1940 | ||||
| • | Military administration | 11 September 1940 | ||||
| • | Annexation | 8 October 1940 | ||||
| • | Civil administration | 26 November 1940 | ||||
| • | Battle for Transylvania | 26 August – 25 October 1944 | ||||
| • | Paris Peace Treaty | 10 February 1947 | ||||
| Area | ||||||
| • | 1940 | 43,104 km2(16,643 sq mi) | ||||
| Population | ||||||
| • | 1940 | 2,577,260 | ||||
| Density | 59.8 /km2 (154.9 /sq mi) | |||||
| Political subdivisions |
Counties |
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| Today part of |
 Romania
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Northern Transylvania (Romanian: Transilvania de Nord, Hungarian: Észak-Erdély) was the region of the Kingdom of Romania that during World War II, as a consequence of the territorial agreement known as the Second Vienna Award, became part of the Kingdom of Hungary. With an area of 43,104 km2 (16,643 sq mi), the population was largely composed of both ethnic Romanians and Hungarians. After World War II, the Paris Peace Treaties returned Northern Transylvania to Romania.
The region has a varied history. It was once the nucleus of the Kingdom of Dacia (82 BC–106 AD). In 106 AD the Roman Empire conquered the territory, systematically exploiting its resources. After the Roman legions withdrew in 271 AD, it was overrun by a succession of various tribes, bringing it under the control of the Carpi, Visigoths, Huns, Gepids, Avars and Slavs. From 9th to 11th century Bulgarians ruled Transylvania.
The Magyars conquered much of Central Europe at the end of the 9th century and for almost six hundred years, Transylvania had been a voivodeship in the Kingdom of Hungary. After the Battle of Mohács in 1526, and the Hungarian defeat by the Ottomans, Transylvania became a semi-independent principality (Principality of Transylvania) under native Hungarian rule but owing suzerainty to the Ottoman empire, then a province (Principality/Grand Principality of Transylvania) of the Habsburg Monarchy/Austrian Empire as being Land of the Hungarian Crown, and after 1848, again from 1867 to 1918 incorporated to the Kingdom of Hungary within the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The dual monarchy dissolved after World War I.
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