Liu Shaoqi
| Liu Shaoqi | |
|---|---|
| 刘少奇 | |
 |
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| President of the People's Republic of China | |
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In office 27 April 1959 – 31 October 1968 |
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| Premier | Zhou Enlai |
| Vice President |
Dong Biwu Soong Ching-ling |
| Leader | Mao Zedong (Chairman of the Communist Party of China) |
| Preceded by | Mao Zedong |
| Succeeded by | Vacant, next held by Li Xiannian (in 1983) |
| Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress | |
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In office 1st National People's Congress |
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In office September 15, 1956 – April 28, 1957 |
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| Preceded by | Position Created |
| Succeeded by | Zhu De |
| Vice Chairman of the Communist Party of China | |
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In office 28 September 1956 – 1 August 1966 |
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| Chairman | Mao Zedong |
| Member of the National People's Congress | |
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In office 15 September 1954 – 21 October 1968 |
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| Constituency | Beijing At-large |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
24 November 1898 Ningxiang, Hunan, Qing Empire |
| Died | 12 November 1969 (aged 70) Kaifeng, Henan, China |
| Nationality | Chinese |
| Political party | Communist Party of China |
| Spouse(s) | Wang Guangmei |
| Children | Liu Yuan, Liu Ting |
| Liu Shaoqi | |||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 刘少奇 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional Chinese | 劉少奇 | ||||||||||
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| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Liú Shàoqí |
| Wade–Giles | Liu2 Shao4-ch'i2 |
| IPA | [li̯ǒu̯ ʂâu̯tɕʰǐ] |
Liu Shaoqi (pronounced [li̯ǒu̯ ʂâu̯tɕʰǐ]; Chinese: 刘少奇; 24 November 1898 – 12 November 1969) was a Chinese revolutionary, statesman, and theorist. He was Chairman of the NPC Standing Committee from 1954 to 1959, Vice Chairman of the Communist Party of China from 1956 to 1966 and President of the People's Republic of China, China's de jure head of state, from 1959 to 1968, during which he implemented policies of economic reconstruction in China.
For 15 years, President Liu was the third most powerful man in China, behind only Chairman Mao Zedong and Premier Zhou Enlai. Originally groomed as the successor to Mao, Liu antagonized Mao in the early 1960s before the Cultural Revolution and was criticized, then purged, by Mao starting in 1966. Liu disappeared from public life in 1968 and was labelled the "commander of China's bourgeoisie headquarters", China's foremost 'capitalist-roader', and a traitor to the revolution.
He died under harsh treatment in late 1969, but was posthumously rehabilitated by Deng Xiaoping's government in 1980 and granted a national memorial service.
Born into a moderately rich peasant family in Huaminglou village,Ningxiang county, Hunan province, Liu attended Ningxiang Zhusheng Middle School (Chinese: 宁乡驻省中学; pinyin: Nìngxiāng Zhùshěng zhōngxué), and was recommended to attend a class in Shanghai prepared for studying in Russia. In 1920, Liu and Ren Bishi joined a Socialist Youth Corp; and in the next year, Liu was recruited to study at the Comintern's University of the Toilers of the East in Moscow.
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