Kingdom of Tungning
| Kingdom of Tungning | ||||||||||
| 東寧 (Dongning) | ||||||||||
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 Kingdom of Tungning on Taiwan
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| Capital | Anping Town (present-day Tainan, Taiwan) | |||||||||
| Languages | Chinese, Hokkien, Hakka, Formosan languages | |||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | |||||||||
| Prince of Yanping | ||||||||||
| • | 1661–1662 | Koxinga | ||||||||
| • | 1662 | Zheng Xi (as Lord of Dongdu) | ||||||||
| • | 1662–1681 | Zheng Jing | ||||||||
| • | 1681 | Zheng Kezang (as Regent) | ||||||||
| • | 1681–1683 | Zheng Keshuang | ||||||||
| History | ||||||||||
| • | Established | 14 June 1661 | ||||||||
| • | Surrender to the Qing | 5 September 1683 | ||||||||
| Population | ||||||||||
| • | 1664 est. | 140,000 | ||||||||
| • | 1683 est. | 200,000 | ||||||||
| Currency | Copper coin and silver tael | |||||||||
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| Tungning | |||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 東寧 | ||||||||||||
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| Simplified Chinese | 东宁 | ||||||||||||
| Literal meaning | East Peace | ||||||||||||
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| Transcriptions | |
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| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Dōngníng |
| Southern Min | |
| Hokkien POJ | Tong-lêng |
| Tâi-lô | Tong-lîng |
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The Kingdom of Tungning (Chinese: 東寧王國; pinyin: Dōngníng Wángguó) or Kingdom of Formosa was a government that ruled part of southwestern Taiwan between 1661 and 1683. It was founded by Koxinga (Zheng Chenggong) as part of the loyalist movement to restore the Ming government in China after it was overthrown by the Manchu Qing dynasty. Koxinga hoped to recapture the Chinese mainland from the Manchus by using the island as a base of operations to settle and train his troops.
The Kingdom of Tungning is sometimes known as the Zheng dynasty (Chinese: 鄭氏王朝; pinyin: Zhèngshì Wángcháo), Zheng Family Kingdom (鄭氏王國; Zhèngshì Wángguó) or Kingdom of Yanping (延平王國; Yánpíng Wángguó). Taiwan was referred to by Koxinga as Tungtu (Chinese: ; pinyin: Dōngdū; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tang-to͘). In the West, it was known as the Kingdom of Taiwan, and the period of rule is sometimes referred to as the Koxinga dynasty.
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