Kangde Emperor
| Xuantong Emperor 宣统帝 |
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Puyi as the Kangde Emperor, circa March 1934
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| 12th Emperor of the Qing Dynasty | |||||
| Reign | 14 November 1908 – 12 February 1912 | ||||
| Coronation | 14 November 1908 | ||||
| Predecessor | Guangxu Emperor | ||||
| Successor | Empire Abolished | ||||
| Prime Ministers |
See list
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| Reign | 1 July 1917 – 12 July 1917 | ||||
| Predecessor | Li Yuanhong (President of the Republic of China) | ||||
| Successor | Li Yuanhong | ||||
| Regents | Zaifeng, Prince Chun & Empress Dowager Longyu | ||||
| Emperor of Manchukuo | |||||
| Reign | 1 May 1934 – 15 August 1945 | ||||
| Predecessor | Himself (As Chief Executive) | ||||
| Successor | Empire abolished | ||||
| Born |
7 February 1906 Prince Chun Mansion, Beijing, Qing Empire |
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| Died | 17 October 1967 (aged 61) Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China |
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| Burial | Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery (Later moved to Tomb of Puyi near Western Qing Mausoleum near Beijing in 1996) |
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| Spouse |
Empress Wanrong Consort Wenxiu Tan Yuling Li Yuqin Li Shuxian |
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| House | House of Aisin Gioro | ||||
| Father | Zaifeng, Prince Chun | ||||
| Mother | Guwalgiya Youlan | ||||
| Era dates | |
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| Xuantong (宣統; 1909 – 1912, 1917) Datong (大同; 1 March 1932 – 28 February 1934) Kangde (康德; 1 March 1934 – 17 August 1945) |
| Puyi | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 溥儀 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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| Simplified Chinese | 溥仪 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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| Transcriptions | |
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| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Pǔyí |
| Wade–Giles | P'u3-i2 |
| IPA | [pʰù.ǐ] |
| Yue: Cantonese | |
| Yale Romanization | Póuh-yìh |
| Jyutping | Pou5-ji4 |
| Southern Min | |
| Tâi-lô | Phó-gî |
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Styles of Xuantong Emperor |
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.svg) |
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| Reference style | His Imperial Majesty |
| Spoken style | Your Imperial Majesty |
| Alternative style | Son of Heaven (天子) |
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Styles of Kangde Emperor |
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| Reference style | His Imperial Majesty |
| Spoken style | Your Imperial Majesty |
| Alternative style | Sir |
Puyi (Chinese: 溥儀; 7 February 1906 – 17 October 1967), of the Manchu Aisin Gioro clan, commonly known as Pu Yi, was the last Emperor of China, the second-to-last Khan of Mongolia and the twelfth and final ruler of the Qing dynasty. When a child, he ruled as the Xuantong Emperor (Chinese: 宣統帝) in China and Khevt Yos Khan in Mongolia from 1908 until his forced abdication on 12 February 1912, after the successful Xinhai Revolution. From 1 to 12 July 1917, he was briefly restored to the throne as emperor by the warlord Zhang Xun.
In 1932 after the occupation of Manchuria, the state of Manchukuo was established by Japan, and he was chosen to become 'Emperor' of the new state using the era-name of Datong (Ta-tung). In 1934, he was declared the Kangde Emperor (or Kang-te Emperor) of Manchukuo and ruled until the end of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1945. After the People's Republic of China was established in 1949, Puyi was imprisoned as a war criminal for 10 years, wrote his memoirs and became a titular member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and the National People's Congress.
Puyi's name is romanized in English as either "Puyi" or "Pu-yi". This naming is in accordance with the Manchu tradition of avoiding the use of a person's clan name and given name together, but is in complete contravention of Chinese tradition, whereby the given name of a ruler was considered taboo and ineffable. Using a former emperor's personal name (or even using a Chinese character from the name) was a punishable offense under traditional Chinese law. However, after Puyi lost his imperial title in 1924, he was officially styled "Mr. Puyi" (Mr. Pu-yi; simplified Chinese: 溥仪先生; traditional Chinese: 溥儀先生; pinyin: Pǔyí Xiānshēng) in Chinese. His clan name "Aisin Gioro" (simplified Chinese: 爱新觉罗; traditional Chinese: 愛新覺羅; pinyin: Àixīnjuéluó; Wade–Giles: Ai4-hsin1-chüeh2-lo2) was seldom used.
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