Iraqi-Kurdish conflict

Iraqi–Kurdish conflict

Kurdish refugees in camp sites along the Turkey-Iraq border, 1991.jpg

Kurdish refugees in camp sites along the Turkey-Iraq border, 1991

Date

1918–2003
(main phase: 1961–1991)

Location

Iraqi Kurdistan

Result

Formation of Kurdish autonomous region.

Iraqi withdrawal from Kurdish territory in 1991; Kurds gain de facto autonomy
Kurdish Civil War from 1994 to 1998 with Iraqi involvement in 1995
Peshmerga assist coalition forces during 2003 invasion of Iraq; overthrow of Ba'ath rule
Kurdistan Regional Government recognized by the Iraqi central government in 2005
Further tensions between Iraqi Kurdistan and Iraqi central government

Belligerents

Kingdom of Kurdistan

KDP
PUK
INC
ICP
SCIRI
Supported by:
Iran (1980–1988)
Syria (1980–1988)
Israel (1961-1970)

Iraqi Kurdistan
Enforcing No-Fly Zone per UNSC Resolution 688:

Kingdom of Iraq

Republican Guard
Iraqi Army
Iraqi Police
Mukhabarat
National Defense Battalions (until 1991)

Commanders and leaders

Mahmud Barzanji

Mustafa Barzani
Idris Barzani
Massoud Barzani
Babakir Zebari
Jalal Talabani
Ibrahim Ahmad
Ali Askari †
Nawshirwan Mustafa
Kosrat Rasul Ali
Mama Risha †
Uthman Abd-Asis
Ahmad Challabi
Aziz Muhammad
Mohsen Rezaee
Ali Sayad Shirazi
Abdul Aziz al-Hakim

John Shalikashvili

Faisal I of Iraq

Faisal II of Iraq

Abdul Karim Qasim
Abdul Salam Arif
Abdul Rahman Arif
Tahir Yahya
Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
Saddam Hussein
Ali Hassan al-Majid
Taha Yasin
Izzat Ibrahim ad-Douri
Tariq Aziz
Saddam Kamel
Qusay Hussein
Uday Hussein
Massoud Rajavi
Maryam Rajavi

Strength

KDP:
15,000–20,000 (1962)
6,000 (1970)
50-60,000 (1974)
KDP & PUK:
5,000 (1980)
100,000 (1991)

Iraqi Kurdistan 70,000 (2003)

Military of Iraq
48,000 (1969)
90,000 (1974)
180,000 (1978)
300,000 (1980)
1,000,000 (1988)
382,500 (1992)

424,000 (2002)

Casualties and losses

139,000–320,000 killed
Millions of Kurds displaced and turned refugees

Formation of Kurdish autonomous region.

Kingdom of Kurdistan

KDP
PUK
INC
ICP
SCIRI
Supported by:
Iran (1980–1988)
Syria (1980–1988)
Israel (1961-1970)

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