Mahmud Barzanji
| Sheikh Mahmoud Barzanji شێخ مهحموود | |
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| Şêx Mehmûdê Berzencî Sheikh Mahmud Barzanji |
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| King of Kurdistan | |
| Reign | 1922–1924 |
| Predecessor | British Empire |
| Successor | Faisal I of Iraq |
| Born | 1878 Sulaimaniyah, Ottoman Iraq |
| Died | October 9, 1956 Baghdad, Kingdom of Iraq |
| Burial | Sulaimaniyah, Iraqi Kurdistan |
Sheikh Mahmud Barzanji (Kurdish: شێخ مهحموود بەرزنجی) or Mahmud Barzinji (1878 – October 9, 1956) was the leader of a series of Kurdish uprisings against the British Mandate of Iraq. He was sheikh of a Qadiriyah Sufi family of the Barzanji clan from the city of Sulaymaniyah, which is now in Iraqi Kurdistan. He was styled King of Kurdistan during several of these uprisings.
After World War I, the British and other Western powers occupied parts of the Ottoman Empire. Plans made with the French in the Sykes–Picot Agreement got Britain designated as the mandate power. The British were able to form their own borders to their pleasure to gain an advantage in this region. The British had firm control of Baghdad and Basra and the regions around these cities, mostly consisted of Shiite and Sunni Arabs.
In 1921, the British appointed Faisal I the King of Iraq. It was an interesting choice because Faisal had no local connections, as he was part of the Hashemite family in Western Arabia. As events were unfolding in the southern part of Iraq, the British were also developing new policies in northern Iraq which was primarily inhabited by Kurds. The borders that the British formed had the Kurds between central Iraq (Baghdad) and the Ottoman lands of the north.
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