CANADA

Canada
Flag
Motto: A Mari Usque Ad Mare (Latin) (English: "From Sea to Sea")
Anthem: "O Canada" Royal anthem: "God Save the Queen"

Capital	Ottawa 45°24′N 75°40′W / 45.400°N 75.667°W / 45.400; -75.667
Largest city	Toronto
Official languages	English French
Recognized regional languages	Chipewyan Cree Gwich’in Inuinnaqtun Inuktitut Inuvialuktun North Slavey South Slavey Tłı̨chǫ
Ethnic groups	76.7% European 14.2% Asian 4.3% Aboriginal 2.9% Black 1.2% Latin American 0.5% multiracial 0.3% other
Demonym	Canadian
Government	Federal parliamentary representative democracy under constitutional monarchy
• Monarch	Elizabeth II
• Governor General	David Johnston
• Prime Minister	Justin Trudeau
• Chief Justice	Beverley McLachlin
Legislature	Parliament
• Upper house	Senate
• Lower house	House of Commons
Establishment from the United Kingdom
• Confederation	July 1, 1867
• Statute of Westminster	December 11, 1931
• Patriation	April 17, 1982
• Last polity admitted	April 1, 1999
Area
• Total	9,984,670 km² (3,855,100 sq mi) (2nd)
• Water (%)	8.92 (891,163 km² / 344,080 mi²)
Population
• Q4 2016 estimate	36,443,632 (37th)
• 2011 census	33,476,688
• Density	3.41/km² (8.8/sq mi) (228th)
GDP (PPP)	2016 estimate
• Total	$1.672 trillion (15th)
• Per capita	$46,199 (20th)
GDP (nominal)	2016 estimate
• Total	$1.532 trillion (10th)
• Per capita	$40,409 (15th)
Gini (2010)	33.7 medium · 110th [8]
HDI (2014)	0.913 very high · 9th
Currency	Canadian dollar ($) (CAD)
Time zone	(UTC−3.5 to −8)
• Summer (DST)	(UTC−2.5 to −7)
Date format	dd-mm-yyyy mm-dd-yyyy yyyy-mm-dd (CE)
Drives on the	right
Calling code	+1
ISO 3166 code	CA
Internet TLD	.ca

Largest census metropolitan areas in Canada by population (2011 Census)
CMA	Province	Population	CMA	Province	Population
Toronto	Ontario	5,583,064	London	Ontario	474,786
Montreal	Quebec	3,824,221	St. Catharines–Niagara	Ontario	392,184
Vancouver	British Columbia	2,313,328	Halifax	Nova Scotia	390,328
Ottawa–Gatineau	Ontario–Quebec	1,236,324	Oshawa	Ontario	356,177
Calgary	Alberta	1,214,839	Victoria	British Columbia	344,615
Edmonton	Alberta	1,159,869	Windsor	Ontario	319,246
Quebec	Quebec	0765,706	Saskatoon	Saskatchewan	260,600
Winnipeg	Manitoba	0730,018	Regina	Saskatchewan	210,556
Hamilton	Ontario	0721,053	Sherbrooke	Quebec	201,890
Kitchener–Cambridge–Waterloo	Ontario	0477,160	St. John's	Newfoundland and Labrador	196,966

Coordinates: 60°N 95°W / 60°N 95°W / 60; -95

Canada (ⁱ/ˈkænədə/; French: [ka.na.dɑ]) is a country in the northern half of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering 9.98 million square kilometres (3.85 million square miles), making it the world's second-largest country by total area and the fourth-largest country by land area. Canada's border with the United States is the world's longest land border. The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains. About four-fifths of the country's population of 36 million people is urbanized and live near the southern border. Its capital is Ottawa, its largest metropolis is Toronto; other major urban areas include Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg and Hamilton.

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