Bukharan Emirate
| Emirate of Bukhara | ||||||||||
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Persian: امارت بخارا Uzbek: Buxoro amirligi |
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| Independent state (under Russian protection 1873–1917) |
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 Flag
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 The Emirate of Bukhara (green), c. 1850.
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| Capital | Bukhara | |||||||||
| Languages |
Persian (official) Uzbek |
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| Religion | Sunni Islam, Shia Islam, Sufism (Naqshbandi), Zoroastrianism, Judaism | |||||||||
| Government | Absolute Monarchy | |||||||||
| Emir | ||||||||||
| • | 1785–1800 | Mir Masum Shah Murad | ||||||||
| • | 1911–1920 | Alim | ||||||||
| History | ||||||||||
| • | Manghit control | 1747 | ||||||||
| • | Established | 1785 | ||||||||
| • | Conquered by Russia | 1868 | ||||||||
| • | Russian protectorate | 1873 | ||||||||
| • | Disestablished | October 1920 | ||||||||
| Population | ||||||||||
| • | 1908 est. | 1,200,000 | ||||||||
| Currency | fulus, tilla, and tenga. | |||||||||
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| Today part of |
 Uzbekistan Tajikistan Turkmenistan Kazakhstan Afghanistan
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The Emirate of Bukhara (Persian: امارت بخارا; Uzbek: Buxoro amirligi) was a Central Asian state that existed from 1785 to 1920. It occupied the land between the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers, known formerly as Transoxiana. Its core territory was the land along the lower Zarafshan River, and its urban centres were the ancient cities of Samarkand and the emirate's capital, Bukhara. It was contemporaneous with the Khanate of Khiva to the west, in Khwarezm, and the Khanate of Kokand to the east, in Fergana. It is now within the boundaries of Uzbekistan.
The Emirate of Bukhara was officially created in 1785, upon the assumption of rulership by the Manghit emir, Shah Murad. As one of the few states in Central Asia after the Mongol Empire not ruled by descendants of Genghis Khan (besides the Timurids), it staked its legitimacy on Islamic principles rather than Genghisid blood, as the ruler took the Islamic title of Emir instead of Khan. Moreover, both of its neighbors, the Khanate of Khiva and the Kokand Khanate, as well as its predecessor, the Khanate of Bukhara, were ruled by Genghisid descendants.
Over the course of the 18th century, the emirs had slowly gained effective control of the Khanate of Bukhara, from their position as ataliq; and by the 1740s, when the khanate was conquered by Nadir Shah of Persia, it was clear that the emirs held the real power. In 1747, after Nadir Shah's death, the ataliq Muhammad Rahim Bi murdered Abulfayz Khan and his son, ending the Janid dynasty. From then on the emirs allowed puppet khans to rule until, following the death of Abu l-Ghazi Khan, Shah Murad assumed the throne openly.
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Wikipedia