Almohad

Almohad Caliphate
الموَحدون (Al-Muwaḥḥidūn) (Arabic) ⵉⵎⵡⴻⵃⵃⴷⴻⵏ (Imweḥḥden) (Berber)
Ruling dynasty of Morocco, Ifriqiya, Central Maghreb and Al-Andalus ; Caliphate (since 1147)
1121–1269
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The Almohad empire at its greatest extent, c. 1180–1212.
Capital		Tinmel (1121–1147) Marrakesh (1147–1269) In Al-Andalus: Seville (1147–1162) Córdoba (1162–1163) Seville (1163–1248)
Languages		Arabic, Berber, Mozarabic
Religion		Sunni Islam (Creed: Ash'ari; Madhab: Zahiri)
Government		Caliphate
Caliph
•	1121–1130	Ibn Tumart (first)(under title of "Mahdi")
•	1130–1163	Abd al-Mu'min (first)(under title of "Caliph" from 1147)
•	1266–1269	Abu al-Ula al-Wathiq Idris (last)
History
•	Established	1121
•	Almoravids overthrown	1147
•	Marinid suzerainty	1248
•	Disestablished	1269
Area		1,621,393.5 km² (626,024 sq mi)
Currency		Dinar
Preceded by Succeeded by Almoravid dynasty Hammadid kingdom Second Taifas period Kingdom of Africa Taifas in the Al-Andalus Marinid dynasty Hafsid dynasty Kingdom of Tlemcen Third Taifas period Kingdom of Castile Kingdom of Aragon Kingdom of Portugal Kingdom of Leon Emirate of Granada
Today part of		Morocco  Algeria  Gibraltar  Libya  Portugal  Spain  Tunisia  Western Sahara

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The Almohad Caliphate (British English /almə(ʊ)ˈhɑːd/, U.S. English /ɑlməˈhɑd/; Berber: ⵉⵎⵡⴻⵃⵃⴷⴻⵏ (Imweḥḥden), from Arabic الموحدون (al-Muwaḥḥidūn), "the monotheists" or "the unifiers") was a MoroccanBerber Muslim movement founded in the 12th century.

The Almohad movement was started by Ibn Tumart among the Masmuda tribes of southern Morocco. The Almohads first established a Berber state in Tinmel in the Atlas Mountains in roughly 1120. They succeeded in overthrowing the ruling Almoravids in governing Morocco by 1147, when Abd al-Mu'min al-Gumi (r. 1130–1163) conquered Marrakech and declared himself Caliph. They then extended their power over all of the Maghreb by 1159. Al-Andalus followed the fate of North Africa and all Islamic Iberia was under Almohad rule by 1172.

The Almohad dominance of Iberia continued until 1212, when Muhammad III, "al-Nasir" (1199–1214) was defeated at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in the Sierra Morena by an alliance of the Christian princes of Castile, Aragon, Navarre, and Portugal. Nearly all of the Moorish dominions in Iberia were lost soon after, with the great Moorish cities of Cordova and Seville falling to the Christians in 1236 and 1248 respectively.