Dietary supplements

Question

This piglix contains articles or sub-piglix about Dietary supplements

Answer 1

Kraut juice

Kraut juice (called Sauerkrautsaft in German, Zeamă de varză in Romanian or Rasol in Serbian and Bulgarian) is a beverage that consists of the liquid in which sauerkraut is cured. It is the juice of the vegetable itself and the pickling brine.

It is widely available in many central and eastern European countries, such as Germany and Serbia, and in the parts of the U.S. Northeast and Midwest where German immigrants settled, such as central and western Pennsylvania.

It may be taken as a dietary supplement, as it is a source of vitamin C, B vitamins, Vitamin E, Vitamin K, potassium (475 mg), calcium, phosphorus, sulphur, iron, copper, zinc, magnesium and lactic acid.

Kraut juice may be drunk alone or used as a component in mixed drinks.

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Answer 2

Krill oil

Krill oil is an extract prepared from a species of Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba. Two of the most important components in krill oil are omega-3 fatty acids similar to those in fish oil, and phospholipid-derived fatty acids (PLFA), mainly phosphatidylcholine (alternatively referred to as marine lecithin).

Studies have shown toxic residues in Antarctic krill and fish; however, the United States Food and Drug Administration has accepted notices from krill oil manufacturers declaring that krill oil and products derived from it meet the standards for Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) status, although the FDA itself has not tested the products. While not an endangered species, Antarctic krill are a mainstay of the diets of many ocean-based species including whales and there is some environmental and scientific concern that their population has decreased dramatically both due to climate change and human harvesting.

Krill oil and oceanic fish oil are rich in omega-3 fatty acids, mainly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). In krill oil, bound mostly to phospholipids. In fish oil, mostly incorporated into triglycerides. Both contain some EPA and DHA as free fatty acids. Krill oil contains choline-containing phospholipids and a phosphatidylcholine concentration of 34 grams per 100 grams of oil. Another difference is that krill oil contains astaxanthin at 0.1 to 1.5 mg/mL depending on processing methods, and is responsible for providing krill oil its red color.

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Answer 3

Lactobacillus brevis

Lactobacillus brevis is a gram-positive, rod shaped species of lactic acid bacteria which is Heterofermentive, creating Co2 and lactic acid during Fermentation. There are approximately 16 different strains. It can be found in many different environments, such as fermented foods, and as normal microbiota. L.brevis is found in food such as sauerkraut and pickles. It is also one of the most common causes of beer spoilage. Ingestion has been shown to improve human immune function, and it has been patented several times. Normal gut microbiota L.brevis is found in human intestines, vagina and feces.

L. brevis is one of the major Lactobacillus species found in tibicos grains (aka water kefir grains), and has been identified as the species responsible for the production of the polysaccharide (dextran) that forms the grains. Major metabolites of L. brevis include lactic acid and ethanol. Strains of L. brevis and L. hilgardii have been found to produce the biogenic amines tyramine and phenylethylamine.

E.B.Fred, W.H. Peterson, and J.A. Anderson initially discovered the entire Lactobacillus species in 1921 and the species was categorized based on the ability to metabolize certain carbon and sugars. This early study showed that this can produce acetic acid, carbon dioxide and large amounts of mannitol. Mannitol which is another carbon source that can be used to produce lactic acid.

L. brevis has been shown to actively transport glucose and galactose. When fructose was used as a carbon source there was only some growth and L. brevis was able to partially metabolize the fructose to mannitol. Normal growth follows the lactic acid pathway that is commonly used by most lactic acid bacterium. There are some strains that poorly metabolize glucose, whereas other strain are able to easily metabolize the sugar. As stated, this is considered a lactic acid pathway.

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Answer 4

Lactagen

Lactagen was a nutritional supplement produced by Ritter Pharmaceuticals that claimed to reduce the symptoms of lactose intolerance. In 2011, Ritter Pharmaceuticals ceased sales of Lactagen, and other dietary supplements, in order to pursue FDA approval for a treatment for lactose intolerance.

Symptoms said to be relieved by Lactagen include bloating, gas, diarrhea, and abdominal cramping which are associated with the symptoms of lactose intolerance. Lactagen is a powder ingested with water or juice in increasing amounts for a period of 38 days. The manufacturer claims that the mixture of prebiotics and probiotics will relieve all symptoms permanently for 8 out of 10 users. Gastroenterologists suggest that Lactagen can relieve symptoms of lactose intolerance, but relief may not be permanent.

Since Lactagen was a natural dietary supplement, it was not regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Therefore, claims of effectiveness were not evaluated by the agency, and Ritter Pharmaceuticals can therefore not make any claims that Lactagen cures or prevents any disease.

Founder and President of Ritter Pharmaceuticals, Andrew Ritter, suffered from severe lactose intolerance since his early childhood. Medical experts told Andrew there was no treatment available and that he would have to manage suffering from lactose intolerance for the rest of his life. The condition dramatically affected his health and lifestyle, and thus he began a quest to develop a better solution for his condition. In 1997, after years of suffering, Mr. Ritter used himself as the first test subject and developed a lactose intolerance treatment as a project for the California State Science Fair.

Thereafter, Mr. Ritter assembled a team of leading lactose intolerance and gastrointestinal experts to formulate, develop and test an alternative solution for treating the condition. In 2004, Mr. Ritter created Lactagen and began selling it commercially under the company name Ritter Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

After identifying Lactagen, an early generation product which demonstrated dramatic improvement in lactose intolerance symptoms, the team embarked on a formal FDA-approval clinical development process to establish efficacy and safety to ultimately be able to provide the treatment to the millions of lactose intolerance sufferers worldwide.

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Answer 5

Leptoprin

Leptoprin is a dietary supplement marketed by "A.G. Waterhouse", a subsidiary of Basic Research; Salt Lake City, Utah. It was formerly known as Anorex (see anorexia).

There is also a less expensive "generic" version of the formulation called "Leptopril", which is advertised as being developed by "Generix Labs". The two products are the same, being marketed to different consumer personalities by the same company.

As of 2007 the ingredients of this product changed considerably. In addition, the stimulant free version of the product was discontinued.

The new formula is Leptoprin/Leptopril are:

The former ingredients of Leptoprin/Leptopril are:

The former ingredients of Leptoprin SF are:

Many of the ingredients may be purchased less expensively in other brands or products. For this reason, a complaint was filed against the company's marketing technique in 2004.

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Wikipedia

Answer 6

Lingzhi mushroom

Lingzhi mushroom

The lingzhi mushroom or reishi mushroom (traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: língzhī; Japanese: 霊芝; rōmaji: reishi; Vietnamese: linh chi; literally: "soul/spirit mushroom") is a species complex that encompasses several fungal species of the genus Ganoderma, most commonly the closely related species Ganoderma lucidum, Ganoderma tsugae, and Ganoderma lingzhi. G. lingzhi enjoys special veneration in East Asia, where it has been used as a medicinal mushroom in traditional Chinese medicine for more than 2,000 years, making it one of the oldest mushrooms known to have been used medicinally.

cap is offset

stipe is bare

ecology is saprotrophic

Names for the lingzhi fungus have a two thousand-year history. The Chinese term lingzhi 靈芝 was first recorded during the Han dynasty (206 BC – 9 AD). Petter Adolf Karsten named the genus Ganoderma in 1881.

The fungus was given its first binomial name, Boletus lucidus, by English botanist William Curtis in 1781. The lingzhi's botanical names have Greek and Latin roots. The generic name Ganoderma derives from the Greek ganos γανος "brightness; sheen", hence "shining" and derma δερμα "skin". The specific epithet lucidum is Latin for "shining". Tsugae is derived from the Japanese word for "hemlock" (tsuga ).

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Answer 7

Linseed oil

Linseed oil, also known as flaxseed oil, is a colourless to yellowish oil obtained from the dried, ripened seeds of the flax plant (Linum usitatissimum). The oil is obtained by pressing, sometimes followed by solvent extraction. Linseed oil is a drying oil, meaning it can polymerize into a solid form. Due to its polymer-forming properties, linseed oil can be used on its own or blended with combinations of other oils, resins or solvents as an impregnator, drying oil finish or varnish in wood finishing, as a pigment binder in oil paints, as a plasticizer and hardener in putty, and in the manufacture of linoleum. Linseed oil use has declined over the past several decades with increased availability of synthetic alkyd resins—which function similarly but resist yellowing.

Linseed oil is an edible oil in demand as a nutritional supplement, as a source of α-Linolenic acid, (an omega-3 fatty acid). In parts of Europe, it is traditionally eaten with potatoes and quark. It is regarded as a delicacy due to its hearty taste, that enhances the flavour of quark, which is otherwise bland.

Linseed oil is a triglyceride, like other fats. Linseed oil is distinctive for its unusually large amount of α-linolenic acid, which has a distinctive reaction with oxygen in air. Specifically, the fatty acids in a typical linseed oil are of the following types:

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Answer 8

Lipo-flavonoid

Lipo-flavonoid (also Lipo-flavonoid Plus) is a dietary supplement created in 1961 by Smith, Miller, and Patch, which is marketed on the Internet and in television commercials. The manufacturer, Clarion Brands, claims that it improves circulation in the inner ear, as a means of combating tinnitus (ringing in the ears).

Lipo-flavonoid has not been approved by the FDA to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. There is no good evidence that it is effective against Meniere's disease, hearing loss, or tinnitus. There have not been any random controlled trials of Lipo-flavonoid for any purpose in the medical literature.

Lipo-flavonoid is a concentrated extract of lemon peel. It is composed principally of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), eriodictyol glycoside also called eriocitrin (lemon flavonoid, a natural yellow food coloring found in lemon peel), choline, and inositol. It also contains a small amount of B vitamins (B₆, B₁₂, niacin, riboflavin, thiamine, and pantothenic acid) and methionine.

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Wikipedia

Answer 9

Lipozene

Lipozene is a brand name dietary supplement sold by Obesity Research Institute, LLC. The primary ingredient in Lipozene is glucomannan.

Clinical trials examining the use of glucomannan for weight loss have produced mixed results. A 2014 systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials failed to show that glucomannan supplementation generated statistically significant weight loss. Obesity Research Foundation, LLC was fined $1.5 million by the Federal Trade Commission in 2005 for misleading statements about weight-loss results from a similar glucomannan-containing product.

Lipozene contains a single ingredient, glucomannan, a water-soluble, fermentable dietary fiber extracted from the tuber or root of the elephant yam, also known as Konjac (Amorphophallus konjac or A. rivieri).

Adverse events include abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, and constipation.

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Answer 10

Lonicera japonica

Lonicera japonica

Lonicera japonica, known as golden-and-silver honeysuckle or Japanese honeysuckle in English, suikazura(スイカズラ／吸い葛 or 忍冬) in Japanese, jinyinhua(金银花) or rendongteng(忍冬藤) in Chinese, indongdeonggul(인동덩굴) in Korean, and kim ngân hoa in Vietnamese, is a species of honeysuckle native to eastern Asia including China, Japan and Korea. It is a twining vine able to climb up to 10 m (33 ft) high or more in trees, with opposite, simple oval leaves 3–8 cm (1.2–3.1 in) long and 2–3 cm (0.79–1.18 in) broad. The flowers are double-tongued, opening white and fading to yellow, and sweetly vanilla scented. The fruit is a black spherical berry 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) diameter containing a few seeds.

It is an invasive species in a number of countries.

This species is often sold by American nurseries as the cultivar 'Hall's Prolific' (Lonicera japonica var. halliana). It is an effective groundcover, and has pleasant, strong-smelling flowers. It can be cultivated by seed, cuttings, or layering. In addition, it will spread itself via shoots if given enough space to grow.

In both its native and introduced range, Japanese honeysuckle can be a significant source of food for deer, rabbits, hummingbirds and other wildlife.

The variety L. japonica var. repens has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Japanese honeysuckle has become naturalized in Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Mexico, New Zealand and much of the US, including Hawaii, as well as a number of Pacific and Caribbean islands.

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