Dietary supplements

Question

This piglix contains articles or sub-piglix about Dietary supplements

Answer 1

Red yeast rice

Red yeast rice (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: hóng qū mǐ; literally: "red yeast rice"), red rice koji (べにこうじ, lit. 'red koji') or akakoji (あかこぎ, also meaning 'red koji'), red fermented rice, red kojic rice, red koji rice, anka, or ang-kak, is a bright reddish purple fermented rice, which acquires its colour from being cultivated with the mold Monascus purpureus.

Red yeast rice is what is referred to as a "koji" in Japanese, meaning "grain or bean overgrown with a mold culture", a food preparation tradition going back to ca. 300 BC. In both the scientific and popular literature in English that draws principally on Japanese, red yeast rice is most often referred to as "red rice koji". English works favoring Chinese sources may prefer the translation "red yeast rice".

Because of the low cost of chemical dyes, some producers of red yeast rice have adulterated their products with the dye Sudan Red G.

Red yeast rice is used to colour a wide variety of food products, including pickled tofu, red rice vinegar, char siu, Peking Duck, and Chinese pastries that require red food colouring. It is also traditionally used in the production of several types of Chinese huangjiu (Shaoxing jiu), Japanese sake (akaisake), and Korean rice wine (hongju), imparting a reddish colour to these wines. Although used mainly for its colour in cuisine, red yeast rice imparts a subtle but pleasant taste to food and is commonly used in the cuisine of Fujian regions of China.

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Answer 2

Rasol (cabbage brine)

Kraut juice (called Sauerkrautsaft in German, Zeamă de varză in Romanian or Rasol in Serbian and Bulgarian) is a beverage that consists of the liquid in which sauerkraut is cured. It is the juice of the vegetable itself and the pickling brine.

It is widely available in many central and eastern European countries, such as Germany and Serbia, and in the parts of the U.S. Northeast and Midwest where German immigrants settled, such as central and western Pennsylvania.

It may be taken as a dietary supplement, as it is a source of vitamin C, B vitamins, Vitamin E, Vitamin K, potassium (475 mg), calcium, phosphorus, sulphur, iron, copper, zinc, magnesium and lactic acid.

Kraut juice may be drunk alone or used as a component in mixed drinks.

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Answer 3

Rejuvelac

Rejuvelac is a non-alcoholic fermented liquid made from sprouted grains. Because it is fermented, Rejuvelac contains beneficial bacteria and active enzymes, and thus it is reported to improve digestion of food. Rejuvelac can be drunk as a digestive aid or used as a starter culture for other fermented foods such as raw nut and seed yoghurts, cheeses, sauces and Essene Breads. Rejuvelac is prepared using whole wheat, oats, rye, quinoa, barley, millet, buckwheat, rice and other types of grain. Rejuvelac is cloudy, with the colour of pale straw. It has a flavour that is lemony, sharp and slightly tangy, with a mild earthy aroma.

Rejuvelac is a raw food made by sprouting a grain, soaking the sprouted grain in water for about two days at room temperature, and then reserving the liquid. A second batch can be made from the same sprouts, this time requiring only about one day to ferment. A third batch is possible but the flavor may be disagreeable. The spent sprouted grains are usually discarded.

It was invented by Ann Wigmore and it mimics the recipe for BorÅŸ.

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Answer 4

Liquid Oxygen (supplement)

Liquid Oxygen is the name of a product that is a solution of hydrogen peroxide and other compounds including sodium chloride (common salt) that claims to help with "jet lag, fatigue, altitude sickness, headaches, hangovers, youthful skin, energy, and insomnia".

Ken Harvey (professor), a member of the World Health Organisation team that formulated criteria for the promotion of medicinal drugs and a member of Auspharm Consumer Health Watch, states that the product is "no more than salty water", and that most forms of water carry some dissolved oxygen. The Federal Trade Commission has prosecuted purveyors of such products for making "blatantly false and unsubstantiated health claims".

The product claims to have an effect through increasing the amount of oxygen in the body but this is unnecessary as oxygen is absorbed by the lungs via breathing.

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Answer 5

Reliv

Reliv International, Inc.

Reliv International, Inc. or Reliv, is a dietary supplement company that uses multilevel marketing for distribution. Based in Chesterfield, Missouri, Reliv sells its products through a network of independent distributors in 16 countries.

Reliv was founded in 1988 by Robert and Sandy Montgomery. The Montgomerys licensed a nutritional formula developed by Dr. Theodore Kalogris in the early 1980s. The formula, called Reliv Classic, became Reliv’s first product.

In the next two decades, the company expanded its sales operations to various countries around the world. In 1993, Reliv became a publicly traded company on the and three years later, the company moved to the NASDAQ under the ticker symbol RELV. The Great Flood of 1993 flooded the company’s headquarters and put a temporary halt to production. The company broke ground on a $4 million headquarters expansion in 1997. It was completed in 1998.

Reliv was ranked number 3 of the "Top 100 International Companies" in International Business Magazine. In 2005, the company had an increase of 41 percent in its fourth-quarter net income, and Reliv International ranked number 43 on Forbes Magazine's "200 Best Small Companies" 2005 list and ranked number 14 in 2006.

Reliv has three product lines: Essential Nutrition (nutritional shakes), Weight Loss (Slimplicity meal replacement shakes and metabolism-boosting supplements), and Targeted Solutions (nutritional shakes targeting specific benefits such as digestive, joint, and heart health, and an energy shot called 24K). The company examined the effect of one of their products, GlucAffect, on blood glucose and body weight in a non-randomized, nonblinded, non-controlled clinical study.

In January 2013, Environment Research Center (ERC) filed suit against Reliv, accusing them of "failure to warn consumers that they have been exposed to lead from several of the company's nutritional health products," citing the California Health & Safety Code Section 25249.7(b)(1), commonly known as Proposition 65. Reliv responded by saying that the company was in compliance, the significance of the issue was exaggerated, and that the company was singled-out for unethical reasons. Nonetheless, Reliv revised the formula for all of the covered products to meet the new standards of California.

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Answer 6

Royal jelly

Royal jelly is a honey bee secretion that is used in the nutrition of larvae, as well as adult queens. It is secreted from the glands in the hypopharynx of worker bees, and fed to all larvae in the colony, regardless of sex or caste.

When worker bees decide to make a new queen, because the old one is either weakening or dead, they choose several small larvae and feed them with copious amounts of royal jelly in specially constructed queen cells. This type of feeding triggers the development of queen morphology, including the fully developed ovaries needed to lay eggs.

Royal jelly has long been sold as both a dietary supplement and alternative medicine. Both the European Food Safety Authority and United States Food and Drug Administration have concluded that the current evidence does not support the claim of health benefits, and have actively discouraged the sale and consumption of the jelly. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration has taken legal action against companies that have used unfounded claims of health benefits to market royal jelly products. There have also been documented cases of allergic reactions, namely hives, asthma, and anaphylaxis, due to consumption of royal jelly.

Royal jelly is secreted from the glands in the heads of worker bees and is fed to all bee larvae, whether they are destined to become drones (males), workers (sterile females), or queens (fertile females). After three days, the drone and worker larvae are no longer fed with royal jelly, but queen larvae continue to be fed this special substance throughout their development.

It is harvested by humans by stimulating colonies with movable frame hives to produce queen bees. Royal jelly is collected from each individual queen cell (honeycomb) when the queen larvae are about four days old. It is collected from queen cells because these are the only cells in which large amounts are deposited; when royal jelly is fed to worker larvae, it is fed directly to them, and they consume it as it is produced, while the cells of queen larvae are "stocked" with royal jelly much faster than the larvae can consume it. Therefore, only in queen cells is the harvest of royal jelly practical. A well-managed hive during a season of 5–6 months can produce approximately 500 g of royal jelly. Since the product is perishable, producers must have immediate access to proper cold storage (e.g., a household refrigerator or freezer) in which the royal jelly is stored until it is sold or conveyed to a collection center. Sometimes honey or beeswax is added to the royal jelly, which is thought to aid its preservation.

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Answer 7

Saw palmetto extract

Saw palmetto extract is an extract of the fruit of the saw palmetto. It is rich in fatty acids and phytosterols. It has been used in traditional, eclectic, and alternative medicine to treat a variety of conditions, in particular benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Reviews of clinical trials, including those conducted by the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, found the extract to be no more effective than placebo for BPH.

Saw palmetto is used in several forms of traditional herbal medicine. American Indians used the fruit for food and to treat a variety of urinary and reproductive system problems. The Mayans drank it as a tonic, and the Seminoles used the berries as an expectorant and antiseptic.

Crude saw palmetto extract was used by European/American medical practitioners for at least 200 years for various conditions, including asthenia (weakness), recovery from major illness, and urogenital problems. The eclectic medicine practitioner H. W. Felter wrote of it, "Saw palmetto is a nerve sedative, expectorant, and a nutritive tonic, acting kindly upon the digestive tract...Its most direct action appears to be upon the reproductive organs when undergoing waste of tissue..."

King's American Dispensatory (1898) says of the extract:

It is also an expectorant, and controls irritation of mucous tissues. It has proved useful in irritative cough, chronic bronchial coughs, whooping-cough, laryngitis, acute and chronic, acute catarrh, asthma, tubercular laryngitis, and in the cough of phthisis pulmonalis. Upon the digestive organs it acts kindly, improving the appetite, digestion, and assimilation. However, its most pronounced effects appear to be those exerted upon the urino-genital tracts of both male and female, and upon all the organs concerned in reproduction. It is said to enlarge wasted organs, as the breasts, ovaries, and testicles, while the paradoxical claim is also made that it reduces hypertrophy of the prostate. Possibly this may be explained by claiming that it tends toward the production of a normal condition, reducing parts when unhealthily enlarged, and increasing them when atrophied.

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Answer 8

Schisandra chinensis

Schisandra chinensis

Schisandra chinensis (common name: magnolia-vine, Chinese magnolia-vine, schisandra), whose fruit is called magnolia berry or five-flavor-fruit, (from Chinese wǔ wèi zi) is a deciduous woody vine native to forests of Northern China and the Russian Far East. It is hardy in USDA Zone 4. The plant likes some shade with moist, well-drained soil. The species itself is dioecious, thus flowers on a female plant will only produce fruit when fertilized with pollen from a male plant. However, a hybrid selection titled 'Eastern Prince' has perfect flowers and is self-fertile. Seedlings of 'Eastern Prince' are sometimes sold under the same name, but are typically single-sex plants.

Schisandra is native to northern and northeastern China (Manchuria). Cultivation requirements are thought to be similar to those of grapes. Plants require conditions of moderate humidity and light, together with a wet, humus-rich soil. Tens of tons of berries are used annually in Russia in Primorsky Krai and Khabarovsk Krai for the commercial manufacture of juices, wines, extracts, and sweets.

Its Chinese name comes from the fact that its berries possess all five basic flavors: salty, sweet, sour, pungent (spicy), and bitter. Sometimes, it is more specifically called běi wǔ wèi zi (literally "northern five-flavor berry") to distinguish it from another traditionally medicinal schisandraceous plant Kadsura japonica that grows only in subtropical areas. Another species of schisandra berry, Schisandra sphenanthera, has a similar but different biochemical profile; the Chinese Pharmacopeia distinguishes between S. chinensis (běi wǔ wèi zi) and S. sphenanthera (nan wǔ wèi zi).

Its berries are used in traditional medicine, where it is considered one of the 50 fundamental herbs. Chemical constituents include the lignans schisandrin, deoxyschisandrin, gomisins, and pregomisin.

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Answer 9

Senna obtusifolia

Senna obtusifolia

Numerous, see text

Senna obtusifolia (Chinese senna, American sicklepod or sicklepod) is a legume in the genus Senna, sometimes separated in the monotypic genus Diallobus. It grows wild in North, Central, and South America, Asia, Africa, and Oceania, and is considered a particularly serious weed in many places. It has a long-standing history of confusion with Senna tora and that taxon in many sources actually refers to the present species.

The green leaves of the plant are fermented to produce a high-protein food product called "kawal" which is eaten by many people in Sudan as a meat substitute. Its leaves, seeds, and root are also used in folk medicine, primarily in Asia. It is believed to possess a laxative effect, as well as to be beneficial for the eyes. As a folk remedy, the seeds are often roasted, then boiled in water to produce a tea. The plant's seeds are a commercial source of cassia gum, a food additive usually used as a thickener and named for the Chinese Senna's former placement in the genus Cassia. Roasted and ground, the seeds have also been used as a substitute for coffee. In traditional Korean medicine, they are called gyeolmyeongja (결명자) and usually prepared as tea. They are also used in Kampō (traditional Chinese medicine in Japan), where they are called ketsumei-shi (ケツメイシ, 決明子) or by their Chinese name jué míng zǐ (traditional: 決明子, simplified: 决明子).

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Answer 10

Serovera

Serovera is a nutritional supplement marketed by TeamTrade, Inc., Serovera products were formaulated to support immune and digestive health. It is sold at retailers as well as through direct internet marketing.

Currently sold in the United States with the stabilized and isolated agent aloe mucilaginous polysaccharide, Like many nutraceuticals, its efficacy is questionable.

Serovera promotes itself as being created by Dr. Ivan Danhof. Various other doctors have contributed and written articles regarding the uses of aloe mucilaginous polysaccharides; Lawrence Plaskett, John C. Pittman, Jeffrey Bland, Julian J. Blitz, James W. Smith and Bruce Eric Hedendal, that support evidence suggesting consumption of aloe polysaccharides may have a beneficial effect on the body.

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