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Ethanol

Ethanol
Full structural formula of ethanol
Skeletal formula of ethanol
Ball-and-stick model of ethanol
Space-filling model of ethanol
Names
Pronunciation /ˈɛθənɒl/
Systematic IUPAC name
ethanol
Other names
Absolute alcohol, alcohol, cologne spirit, drinking alcohol, ethylic alcohol, EtOH, ethyl alcohol, ethyl hydrate, ethyl hydroxide, ethylol, grain alcohol, hydroxyethane, methylcarbinol
Identifiers
64-17-5 YesY
3D model (Jmol) Interactive image
1718733
ChEBI CHEBI:16236 YesY
ChEMBL ChEMBL545 YesY
ChemSpider 682 YesY
DrugBank DB00898 YesY
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.526
E number E1510 (additional chemicals)
787
2299
PubChem 702
UNII 3K9958V90M YesY
Properties
C2H6O
Molar mass 46.07 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless liquid
Density 0.7893 g/cm3 (at 20 °C)
Melting point −114.14 ± 0.03 °C (−173.45 ± 0.05 °F; 159.01 ± 0.03 K)
Boiling point 78.24 ± 0.09 °C (172.83 ± 0.16 °F; 351.39 ± 0.09 K)
miscible
log P −0.18
Vapor pressure 5.95 kPa (at 20 °C)
Acidity (pKa) 15.9 (H2O), 29.8 (DMSO)
Basicity (pKb) −1.9
-33.60·10−6 cm3/mol
1.3611
Viscosity 1.2 mPa·s (at 20 °C), 1.074 mPa·s (at 25 °C)
1.69 D
Pharmacology
Drug class Central nervous system depressant
D08AX08 (WHO) V03AB16 (WHO), V03AZ01 (WHO)
  • US: C (Risk not ruled out)
Moderate
Moderate (10–15%)
Common: by mouth, topical
Uncommon: suppository, inhalation, ocular, insufflation, injection
Pharmacokinetics:
Variable
Liver: alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme
Acetaldehyde, acetic acid, acetyl-CoA, carbon dioxide, water
None, constant rate elimination
Urine, breath, perspiration, tears, milk, saliva, bile
Legal status
  • AU: Unscheduled
  • CA: Unscheduled
  • DE: Unscheduled
  • NZ: Unscheduled
  • UK: Unscheduled
  • US: Unscheduled
  • UN: Unscheduled
  • EU: Unscheduled
Related compounds
Related compounds
Ethane
Methanol
Supplementary data page
Refractive index (n),
Dielectric constantr), etc.
Thermodynamic
data
Phase behaviour
solid–liquid–gas
UV, IR, NMR, MS
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N  (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

Ethanol (EtOH), also called alcohol, ethyl alcohol, and drinking alcohol, is the principal type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages, produced by the fermentation of sugars by yeasts. It is a neurotoxic,psychoactive drug, and one of the oldest recreational drugs. It can cause alcohol intoxication when consumed in sufficient quantity.

Ethanol is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid with a slight chemical odor. It is used as an antiseptic, a solvent, a fuel, and due to its low freezing point, the active fluid in many alcohol thermometers. The molecule is a simple one, being an ethyl group linked to a hydroxyl group. Its structural formula, CH
3
CH
2
OH
, is often abbreviated as C
2
H
5
OH
, C
2
H
6
O
or EtOH.


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