garlic
| Garlic | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Allium sativum, known as garlic, from William Woodville, Medical Botany, 1793. | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Amaryllidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Allioideae |
| Tribe: | Allieae |
| Genus: | Allium |
| Species: | A. sativum |
| Binomial name | |
|
Allium sativum L. |
|
| Synonyms | |
|
Synonymy
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|
| Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz) | |
|---|---|
| Energy | 623 kJ (149 kcal) |
|
33.06 g
|
|
| Sugars | 1 g |
| Dietary fiber | 2.1 g |
|
0.5 g
|
|
|
6.36 g
|
|
| Vitamins | |
| Thiamine (B1) |
(17%)
0.2 mg |
| Riboflavin (B2) |
(9%)
0.11 mg |
| Niacin (B3) |
(5%)
0.7 mg |
| Pantothenic acid (B5) |
(12%)
0.596 mg |
| Vitamin B6 |
(95%)
1.235 mg |
| Folate (B9) |
(1%)
3 μg |
| Vitamin C |
(38%)
31.2 mg |
| Minerals | |
| Calcium |
(18%)
181 mg |
| Iron |
(13%)
1.7 mg |
| Magnesium |
(7%)
25 mg |
| Manganese |
(80%)
1.672 mg |
| Phosphorus |
(22%)
153 mg |
| Potassium |
(9%)
401 mg |
| Sodium |
(1%)
17 mg |
| Zinc |
(12%)
1.16 mg |
| Other constituents | |
| Selenium | 14.2 μg |
|
|
|
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|
| Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults. Source: USDA Nutrient Database |
|
Allium sativum, commonly known as garlic, is a species in the onion genus, Allium.
Its close relatives include the onion, shallot, leek, chive, and Allium chinense. With a history of several thousand years of human consumption and use, garlic is native to the region between the Mediterranean and China, and has long been a common seasoning worldwide. It was known to Ancient Egyptians, and has been used both as a food flavoring and as a traditional medicine.
Allium sativum is a bulbous plant. It grows up to 1.2 m (4 ft) in height. Its hardiness is USDA Zone 8. It produces hermaphrodite flowers. It is pollinated by bees and other insects.
Allium sativum grows in the wild in areas where it has become naturalized. The "wild garlic", "crow garlic", and "field garlic" of Britain are members of the species Allium ursinum, Allium vineale, and Allium oleraceum, respectively. Identification of the wild progenitor of common garlic is difficult, due to the sterility of its many cultivars which may all be descended from the species Allium longicuspis, which grows wild in central and southwestern Asia.
In North America, Allium vineale (known as "wild garlic" or "crow garlic") and Allium canadense, known as "meadow garlic" or "wild garlic" and "wild onion", are common weeds in fields. So-called elephant garlic is actually a wild leek (Allium ampeloprasum), and not a true garlic. Single clove garlic (also called pearl or solo garlic) originated in the Yunnan province of China.
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Wikipedia