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Zhu Yuanzhang

Hongwu Emperor
明太祖.jpg
1st Emperor of the Ming Empire
Reign 23 January 1368 – 24 June 1398
Predecessor Dynasty established
Successor Jianwen Emperor
Emperor of China
Reign 14 September 1368 – 24 June 1398
Predecessor Emperor Huizong of Yuan
Successor Jianwen Emperor
Born (1328-10-21)21 October 1328
Fengyang, Anhui, Yuan Empire
Died 24 June 1398(1398-06-24) (aged 69)
Nanjing, Jiangsu, Ming Empire
Burial 30 June 1398
Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum, Nanjing, China
Spouse Empress Xiaocigao
Noble Consort Chengmu, concubine
Consort Li, concubine
Consort Ning, concubine
Consort Hui, concubine
Consort Zhuangjing'anronghui, concubine
Consort Jiang, concubine
Consort Zhao, concubine
Consort Zhaojingchong, concubine
Consort An, concubine
Consort Ding, concubine
Consort Shun, concubine
Consort Shun, concubine
Consort Xian, concubine
Consort Hui, concubine
Consort Li, concubine
Consort Kung, concubine
Consort Han, concubine
Consort Yu, concubine
Consort Yang, concubine
Consort Zhou, concubine
Li Jiehao, concubine
Beauty Lady Choi, concubine
Beauty Lady Zhang, concubine
Lady Gao, concubine
Issue Zhu Biao, Crown Prince Yiwen
Zhu Shuang, Prince Min of Qin
Zhu Gang, Prince Gong of Jin
Zhu Di, Yongle Emperor
Zhu Su, Prince Ding of Zhou
Zhu Zhen, Prince Zhao of Chu
Zhu Fu, Prince of Qi
Zhu Zi, Prince of Dan
Zhu Qi, Prince of Zhao
Zhu Tan, Prince Huang of Lu
Zhu Chun, Prince Xian of Shu
Zhu Bai, Prince Xian of Xiang
Zhu Gui, Prince Jian of Dai
Zhu Ying, Prince Zhuang of Su
Zhu Zhi, Prince Jian of Liao
Zhu Zhan, Prince Jing of Qing
Zhu Quan, Prince Xian of Ning
Zhu Pian, Prince Zhuang of Min
Zhu Hui, Prince of Gu
Zhu Song
Prince Xian of Han
Zhu Mo, Prince Jian of Shen
Zhu Ying, Prince Hui of An
Zhu Jing, Prince Ding of Tang
Zhu Dong, Prince Jing of Ying
Zhu Yi, Prince Li of Yi
Zhu Nan
Princess Lin'an
Princess Ning
Princess Chongning
Princess Anqing
Princess Runing
Princess Huaiqing, Marchioness of Yongchun
Princess Daming, Marchioness of Luancheng
Princess Fuqing
Princess Shouchun
a daughter
Princess Nankang
Princess Zhenyi of Yongjia
a daughter
Princess Hanshan
Princess Ruyang
Princess Baoqing
Full name
Family name: Zhu ()
Birth name: Chongba (重八)
Given name: Xingzong (興宗), later Yuanzhang (元璋)
Courtesy name: Guorui (國瑞)
Era name and dates
Hongwu (洪武): 23 January 1368 – 5 February 1399 (briefly, - 22 January 1403)
Posthumous name
Emperor Kaitian Xingdao Zhaoji Liji Dasheng Zhishen Renwen Yiwu Junde Chenggong Gāo
開天行道肇紀立極大聖至神仁文義武俊德成功高皇帝
Temple name
Ming Taizu (明太祖)
House House of Zhu
Father Zhu Shizhen
Mother Chen Erniang
Full name
Family name: Zhu ()
Birth name: Chongba (重八)
Given name: Xingzong (興宗), later Yuanzhang (元璋)
Courtesy name: Guorui (國瑞)
Era name and dates
Hongwu (洪武): 23 January 1368 – 5 February 1399 (briefly, - 22 January 1403)
Posthumous name
Emperor Kaitian Xingdao Zhaoji Liji Dasheng Zhishen Renwen Yiwu Junde Chenggong Gāo
開天行道肇紀立極大聖至神仁文義武俊德成功高皇帝
Temple name
Ming Taizu (明太祖)
Hongwu Emperor
Chinese 洪武帝

The Hongwu Emperor (21 October 1328 – 24 June 1398), personal name Zhu Yuanzhang, was the founder and first emperor of China's Ming dynasty.

In the middle of the 14th century, with famine, plagues, and peasant revolts sweeping across China, Zhu Yuanzhang rose to command the force that conquered China and ended the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty, forcing the Mongols to retreat to the Central Asian steppes. Following his seizure of the Yuan capital, Khanbaliq (present-day Beijing), Zhu claimed the Mandate of Heaven and established the Ming dynasty in 1368. Trusting only in his family, he made his many sons powerful feudal princes along the northern marshes and the Yangtze valley. Having outlived his first successor, the Hongwu Emperor enthroned his grandson via a series of instructions; this ended in failure when the Jianwen Emperor's attempt to unseat his uncles led to him being overthrown by one of them, Zhu Di, who later became the Yongle Emperor.

Most of the historical sites related to the Hongwu Emperor are located in Nanjing, the original capital of the Ming dynasty.

Zhu was a born into a desperately poor peasant tenant farmer family in Zhongli Village in the Huai River plain, which is in present-day Fengyang, Anhui Province. His father was Zhu Shizhen (朱世珍, original name Zhu Wusi 朱五四) and his mother was Chen Erniang. He had seven older siblings, several of whom were "given away" by his parents, as they did not have enough food to support the family. When he was 16, severe drought ruined the harvest where his family lived. Subsequently, famine killed his entire family, except one of his brothers. He then buried them by wrapping them in white clothes.


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