Zhao (surname)
| Zhao / Chao / Chiu | |
|---|---|
| Family name | |
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| Meaning | Name of a feudal state during the Zhou Dynasty |
| Language(s) of origin | Chinese |
| Related names | Cho, Triệu |
| Zhao | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
.svg)
"Zhao" in seal script (top), Traditional (middle), and Simplified (bottom) Chinese characters
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| Chinese name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Traditional Chinese | 趙 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 赵 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Vietnamese name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vietnamese alphabet | Triệu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Korean name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hangul | 조 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Zhào |
| Wade–Giles | Chao4 |
| IPA | [ʈʂâu̯] |
| Wu | |
| Suzhounese | Zâu |
| Yue: Cantonese | |
| Yale Romanization | Jiuh |
| Jyutping | Ziu6 |
| Southern Min | |
| Tâi-lô | Tiō |
| Middle Chinese | |
| Middle Chinese | ɖjéu |
| Old Chinese | |
| Baxter-Sagart | *[d]rewʔ |
| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization | Jo |
Zhao (/dʒaʊ/; simplified Chinese: 赵; traditional Chinese: 趙), also romanized Chao, Cho, Chiu, Tio, and various other forms, is a Chinese family name, ranking as the 7th most common surname in Mainland China and carried mainly by people of Mandarin-speaking regions. Zhao is the 1st surname in the famous Hundred Family Surnames – the traditional list of all Chinese surnames – because it was the emperor's surname of the Song Dynasty (960–1279) when the list was compiled.
The romanized spelling is shared with the much rarer family name Zhào (兆).
Zhao is one of the most ancient of Chinese surnames, and its origins are partly shrouded in legend. During the reign of King Mu of Zhou (976/956 BC – 922/918 BC), an officer named Zaofu (Chinese: 造父) proved exceptionally adept at training horses and driving chariots and won the respect of King Mu. During a battle with the eastern state of Xu, an ethnically different state which was resisting Zhou rule, Zaofu drove a chariot into the battle and escorted King Mu back to the Zhou capital. In gratitude, King Mu enfeoffed Zaofu as the lord of Zhao, a town in what is now Hongdong County, Shanxi Province, to be held by his descendants in perpetuity. Zaofu's descendants took Zhao as a surname to mark their prestigious association with the city. Records such as Sima Qian's Records of the Grand Historian say that Zaofu was a descendant of legendary kings Zhuanxu, Shaohao, and the Yellow Emperor.
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