Yellow Emperor
| Yellow Emperor |
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| One of Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors | |||||
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| Reign | 2698–2598 BC (mythical) | ||||
| Died | 2598 BC | ||||
| Spouse |
Leizu Fenglei Tongyu Momu |
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| Issue |
Shaohao Changyi, father of Zhuanxu |
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| Father | Shaodian | ||||
| Mother | Fubao | ||||
| Full name | |
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Ancestral name: Gongsun (Kung-sun; 公孫) Given name: Xuanyuan (Hsuan-yuan; 軒轅) |
| Huangdi | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 黃帝 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Simplified Chinese | 黄帝 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Literal meaning | "Yellow Emperor" "Yellow Thearch" |
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| Transcriptions | |
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| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin |  Huángdì |
| Gwoyeu Romatzyh | Hwangdih |
| Wade–Giles | Huang2-ti4 |
| IPA | [xu̯ǎŋtî] |
| Yue: Cantonese | |
| Yale Romanization | Wòhng-dai |
| Jyutping | Wong4-dai3 |
| Southern Min | |
| Tâi-lô | N̂g-tè (col.) Hông-tè (lit.) |
| Old Chinese | |
| Baxter-Sagart | *N-kʷˤaŋ tˤek-s |
The Yellow Emperor, also known as the Yellow Thearch, the Yellow God or the Yellow Lord, or simply by his Chinese name Huangdi ( Huángdì, formerly romanized as Huang Ti and Hwang Ti), is a deity in Chinese religion, one of the legendary Chinese sovereigns and culture heroes included among the mytho-historical Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors and cosmological Five Forms of the Highest Deity (五方上帝 Wǔfāng Shàngdì). First calculated by Jesuit missionaries on the basis of Chinese chronicles and later accepted by the twentieth-century promoters of a universal calendar starting with the Yellow Emperor, Huangdi's traditional reign dates are 2697–2597 or 2698–2598 BC.
Huangdi's cult became prominent in the late Warring States and early Han period, when he was portrayed as the originator of the centralized state, as a cosmic ruler, and as a patron of esoteric arts. A large number of texts – such as the Huangdi Neijing, a medical classic, and the Huangdi Sijing, a group of political treatises – were thus attributed to him. Having waned in influence during most of the imperial period, in the early twentieth century Huangdi became a rallying figure for Han Chinese attempts to overthrow the rule of the Qing dynasty, which they considered foreign because its emperors were Manchus. To this day the Yellow Emperor remains a powerful nationalist symbol.
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Wikipedia