Xiangshan County, Guangdong

Hsiang-shan County (Chinese: 香山縣, Wade-Giles: Hsiang-shan Hsien, Pinyin: Xiāngshān Xiàn; literally "Fragrant Mountain"; also spelt Siang-shan) was a county in southern China. Since 1912, it was a county in Kwangtung Province, in the Republic of China. It was renamed Chung-shan County (中山縣) in April 1925, in memory of the founder of the Republic of China, Sun Yat Sen.

The county covered the modern-day Zhuhai City and Zhongshan City in the Guangdong Province of the People's Republic of China (PRC), and the Macau Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China.

The county consists of the entirety of Xiangshan Island (香山島), an island in a bay where three rivers emptied into the sea, part of the Pearl River Delta. It was originally separated from the continent by the distributaries in the delta, until it became a peninsula some time during the 17th century, but was still separated from the mainland by waterways.

Around the 8th century (during the Tang Dynasty), a Xiangshan Township (香山鎮) was carved out of the Bao'an County and Dongguan County, at the present-day Shanchang (山场) of Zhuhai. Around the 12th century (during the Northern Song Dynasty), this township became a separate county.

During the mid-16th century, in the Ming Dynasty, the Portuguese settled in Macau. This was permitted by the Ming dynasty, but despite the Portuguese presence, Macau was still under the jurisdiction of Xiangshan.) Macau became a full Portuguese colony in 1847. This colony later expanded to include Ilha Verde, Taipa and Coloane.

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