Wade-Giles

Wade–Giles
Traditional Chinese
Simplified Chinese
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Wéi Shì Pīnyīn Bopomofo ㄨㄟˊ   ㄕˋ   ㄆㄧㄣ   ㄧㄣ Gwoyeu Romatzyh Wei Shyh Pin'in Wade–Giles Wei2 Shih4 Pʻin1-yin1 Tongyong Pinyin Wéi Shìh Pinyin MPS2 Wéi Shr̀ Pīnyīn
Alternative name
Traditional Chinese
Simplified Chinese
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Wēituǒmǎ Pīnyīn Bopomofo ㄨㄟ   ㄊㄨㄛˇ   ㄇㄚˇ ㄆㄧㄣ   ㄧㄣ Gwoyeu Romatzyh Ueituoomaa Pin'in Wade–Giles Wei1-tʻo3-ma3 Pʻin1-yin1 Tongyong Pinyin Weituǒmǎ Pinyin MPS2 Wēituǒmǎ Pīnyīn

Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Wéi Shì Pīnyīn
Bopomofo	ㄨㄟˊ   ㄕˋ   ㄆㄧㄣ   ㄧㄣ
Gwoyeu Romatzyh	Wei Shyh Pin'in
Wade–Giles	Wei2 Shih4 Pʻin1-yin1
Tongyong Pinyin	Wéi Shìh Pinyin
MPS2	Wéi Shr̀ Pīnyīn

Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Wēituǒmǎ Pīnyīn
Bopomofo	ㄨㄟ   ㄊㄨㄛˇ   ㄇㄚˇ ㄆㄧㄣ   ㄧㄣ
Gwoyeu Romatzyh	Ueituoomaa Pin'in
Wade–Giles	Wei1-tʻo3-ma3 Pʻin1-yin1
Tongyong Pinyin	Weituǒmǎ Pinyin
MPS2	Wēituǒmǎ Pīnyīn

Wade–Giles (/ˌweɪd ˈdʒaɪlz/), sometimes abbreviated Wade, is a Romanization system for Mandarin Chinese. It developed from a system produced by Thomas Wade, during the mid-19th century, and was given completed form with Herbert A. Giles's Chinese–English Dictionary of 1892.

Wade–Giles was the system of transcription in the English-speaking world for most of the 20th century, used in standard reference books and in English language books published before 1979. It replaced the Nanking dialect-based romanization systems that had been common until the late 19th century, such as the Postal Romanization (still used in some place-names). In mainland China it has been entirely replaced by the Hànyǔ Pīnyīn system approved in 1958. Outside mainland China, it has mostly been replaced by Pīnyīn, even though Taiwan implements a multitude of Romanization systems in daily life. Additionally, its usage can be seen in the common English names of certain individuals and locations such as Chiang Ching-kuo.

Wade–Giles was developed by Thomas Francis Wade, a scholar of Chinese and a British ambassador in China who was the first professor of Chinese at Cambridge University. Wade published in 1867 the first textbook on the Beijing dialect of Mandarin in English, Yü-yen Tzŭ-erh Chi (traditional: 語言自邇集; simplified: 语言自迩集), which became the basis for the Romanization system later known as Wade–Giles. The system, designed to transcribe Chinese terms for Chinese specialists, was further refined in 1912 by Herbert Allen Giles, a British diplomat in China and his son, Lionel Giles, a curator at the British Museum.

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