Wang Anshi
| Wang Anshi | |||||||||
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| Duke of Jing (Jīngguógōng) 荊國公 | |||||||||
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| Chancellor of Song Dynasty | |||||||||
| In Office | 1070-1074;1075–1076 | ||||||||
| Monarch | Emperor Shenzong | ||||||||
| Born |
8 December 1021 Linchuan, Song |
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| Died | 21 May 1086 (aged 64) Jiangning |
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| Father | Wang Yi | ||||||||
| Full name | |
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Family name: Wáng 王 Given name: Ānshí 安石 Courtesy name: Jièfǔ 介甫 Pseudonym: Bànshān Lǎorén 半山老人 |
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| Posthumous name | |
| Wén 文 |
| Wang Anshi | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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"Wang Anshi" in Chinese characters
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| Chinese | 王安石 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Transcriptions | |
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| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Wáng Ānshí |
| Gwoyeu Romatzyh | Wang Anshyr |
| Wade–Giles | Wang2 An1-shih2 |
| IPA | [wǎŋ án.ʂɨ̌] |
| Yue: Cantonese | |
| Yale Romanization | Wòhng Ōn-sehk |
| Jyutping | Wong4 On1-sek6 |
| Southern Min | |
| Tâi-lô | Ông An-tsio̍h (col.) Ông An-se̍k (lit.) |
| Middle Chinese | |
| Middle Chinese | hüang ʔan-d͡ʒjak |
Wang Anshi ([wǎŋ ánʂɨ̌]; Chinese: 王安石; December 8, 1021 – May 21, 1086) was a Chinese economist, statesman, chancellor and poet of the Song Dynasty who attempted major and controversial socioeconomic reforms known as the New Policies. These reforms constituted the core concepts of the Song-Dynasty Reformists, in contrast to their rivals, the Conservatives, led by the Chancellor Sima Guang.
Wang Anshi's ideas are usually analyzed in terms of the influence the Rites of Zhou or Legalism had on him. His economic reforms included increase currency circulation, breaking up of private monopolies, and early forms of government regulation and social welfare. His military reforms expanded the use of local militias and his government reforms expanded the civil service examination system and attempted to suppress nepotism in government. Although successful for a while, he eventually fell out of favor of the emperor.
During the Song Dynasty, the unprecedented development of large estates, whose owners managed to evade paying their share of taxes, resulted in an increasingly heavy burden of taxation on commoners. The drop in state revenues, a succession of budget deficits, and widespread inflation prompted the Emperor Shenzong of Song to seek advice from Wang.
Wang Anshi came from a family of imperial scholars (進士 Jìnshì) and was placed fourth in the imperial exam of 1042. He spent the first twenty years of his career in the regional government of the lower Yangtze region. During this period, he gained practical experience in local governance. This experience guided his analysis in formulating solutions to revitalize the ailing Song society.
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