Turbot War
| Turbot War | |||
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The location of the bulk of the conflict
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| Date | 1994–1996 | ||
| Location | Grand Banks of Newfoundland and the English Channel | ||
| Causes | Fishing rights dispute between Canada and Spain | ||
| Result | Canadian position recognized by the European Union | ||
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The Turbot War (known in Spain as "Guerra del Fletán") was an international fishing dispute between Canada (supported by the United Kingdom and Ireland) and Spain (supported by the European Union and Iceland) in which Canada stopped a Galician (Spanish) fishing trawler in international waters and arrested its crew. Canada claimed that European Union factory ships were illegally overfishing Greenland halibut, also known as Greenland turbot, on the Grand Banks, just outside Canada's declared 200 nautical mile (370 km) Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ).
Territorial seas have changed over time, having begun with a 3 nautical mile (6 km) "cannon shot" territorial sea, followed by the long-standing extension to a 12 nautical mile (22 km) standard. The economic control of the waters surrounding nations to a 200 nautical mile Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) were agreed at the conference on the Third United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea in 1982, and became recognised internationally on November 14, 1994. As a self-governing colony and dominion, Newfoundland's foreign policy, just as Canada's, was established by the British government until the Statute of Westminster 1931. However, in 1934, Newfoundland's government voted to be put under the administration of a commission appointed by London; this situation remained until 1949 when the dominion entered Canadian Confederation.
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