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Thirty Years War

Thirty Years' War
Part of European wars of religion
The Hanging by Jacques Callot.jpg
Les Grandes Misères de la guerre (The Great Miseries of War) by Jacques Callot, 1632
Date 23 May 1618 – 15 May 1648
(29 years, 11 months, 3 weeks, and 1 day)
Location Europe, mainly present-day Germany
Result

Peace of Westphalia

Belligerents

Anti-Habsburg States and Allies:
Sweden Sweden (from 1630)
Denmark–Norway Denmark-Norway (1625–1629)
 United Provinces
 France (from 1635)
Bohemia Bohemia (1618–1620)
 Saxony
The Palatinate (until 1623)
Brandenburg Wappen.svg Brandenburg-Prussia
Coat of Arms of Brunswick-Lüneburg.svg Brunswick-Lüneburg
 England (1625–30)
 Scotland (1625–38)
Transylvania (from 1619)

Supported by:
Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire

Russian Tsardom

Habsburg States and Allies:
 Holy Roman Empire

Spain Spanish Empire
Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy.svg Hungary
 Kingdom of Croatia
Denmark–Norway Denmark-Norway (1643–1645)

Supported by:
Poland

Zaporizhian Cossacks
Commanders and leaders

Sweden Gustavus Adolphus 
Sweden Axel Oxenstierna
Sweden Johan Banér
Sweden Lennart Torstenson
Sweden Gustav Horn
Sweden Carl Gustaf Wrangel
Sweden Charles X Gustav
Sweden Kingdom of Scotland James Spens
Sweden Kingdom of Scotland Alexander Leslie
Sweden Kingdom of Scotland Kingdom of England James 3rd Marquis Hamilton
Kingdom of France Louis XIII of France
Kingdom of France Cardinal Richelieu
Kingdom of France Marquis de Feuquieres  
Kingdom of France Henri, Prince of Condé
Kingdom of France Duke of Gramont
Kingdom of France Gaspard III de Coligny
Kingdom of France Louis II de Bourbon
Kingdom of France Urbain de Maillé-Brézé
Kingdom of France Vicomte de Turenne
Sweden Kingdom of France Kingdom of Scotland John Hepburn 
Bohemia Frederick V, Elector Palatine
Bohemia Jindřich Matyáš Thurn
Bohemia Christian I of Anhalt-Bernburg
Denmark–Norway Christian IV of Denmark
Denmark–Norway Kingdom of Scotland Robert Maxwell, 1st Earl of Nithsdale
Electorate of Saxony Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar
Electorate of Saxony Johann Georg I of Saxony
Dutch Republic Maurice of Nassau
Dutch Republic Piet Pieterszoon Hein
Dutch Republic William of Nassau
Dutch Republic Frederik Hendrik of Orange
Dutch Republic Maarten Tromp
Dutch Republic Ernst Casimir
Dutch Republic Hendrik Casimir I
Kingdom of England Kingdom of Scotland Charles I Stuart
Kingdom of England Duke of Buckingham  
Kingdom of England Sir Horace Vere
Gabriel Bethlen
Ernst von Mansfeld
Coat of Arms of Brunswick-Lüneburg.svg Christian of Brunswick

Mikhail Borisovich Shein

Holy Roman Empire Ferdinand II
Holy Roman Empire Ferdinand III
Holy Roman Empire Albrecht von Wallenstein  Executed
Holy Roman Empire SpainWikipedia

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