Syrian Republic (1946–63)
| Syrian Republic | ||||||||||||
|
République syrienne (French) الجمهورية السورية (Arabic) al-Jumhūrīyah as-Sūrīyah |
||||||||||||
| Component of the United Arab Republic (1958–61) |
||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
|
Anthem حُمَاةَ الدِّيَار (English: "Guardians of the Homeland") |
||||||||||||
| Capital | Damascus | |||||||||||
| Languages |
Arabic French Syriac Armenian Kurdish Turkish |
|||||||||||
| Religion |
Islam (all branches incl. Alawite) Christianity Judaism Druzism Yezidism |
|||||||||||
| Government |
Parliamentary republic (1946–1951, 1954–1958) Military dictatorship (1951–1954) |
|||||||||||
| • | 1955–1958 | Shukri al-Quwatli | ||||||||||
| • | 1956–1958 | Sabri al-Asali | ||||||||||
| Historical era | 20th century | |||||||||||
| • | Independence | 17 April 1946 | ||||||||||
| • | Proclamation of Independence | 1944 | ||||||||||
| • | Syrian sovereignty / United Nations admission | 24 October 1945 | ||||||||||
| • | Full independence | 17 April 1946 | ||||||||||
| • | 1963 Syrian coup d'état | 1963 | ||||||||||
| Population | ||||||||||||
| • | 1963 est. | 4,307,000 | ||||||||||
| Density | 23/km2 (60/sq mi) | |||||||||||
| Currency | Syrian pound | |||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Today part of |
 Syria Turkey
|
|||||||||||
.svg)
The Syrian Republic (Arabic: الجمهورية السورية al-Jumhūrīyah as-Sūrīyah; French: République syrienne) was was recognized as a sovereign state in 1945 and became de-facto independent in April 1946 from the French Mandate of Syria and Lebanon. In 1958, Syria joined with the Republic of Egypt in forming the United Arab Republic, though Syria withdrew from the union in 1961 and adopted the name Syrian Arab Republic. In 1963, the Syrian Ba'athist party came to power in the bloody military coup, which laid foundations for the political structure in Syria for the next decades.
The project of a new constitution was discussed by a Constituent Assembly elected in April 1928, but as the pro-independence National Bloc had won a majority and insisted on the insertion of several articles "that did not preserve the prerogatives of the mandatary power", the Assembly was dissolved on August 9, 1928. On May 14, 1930, the State of Syria was declared the Republic of Syria and a new Syrian constitution was promulgated by the French High Commissioner, in the same time as the Lebanese Constitution, the Règlement du Sandjak d'Alexandrette, the Statute of the Alawi Government, the Statute of the Jabal Druze State. A new flag was also mentioned in this constitution:
During December 1931 and January 1932, the first elections under the new constitution were held, under an electoral law providing for "the representation of religious minorities" as imposed by article 37 of the constitution. The National Bloc was in the minority in the new Chamber of deputies with only 16 deputies out of 70, due to intensive vote-rigging by the French authorities. Among the deputies were also three members of the Syrian Kurdish nationalist Xoybûn (Khoyboun) party, Khalil bey Ibn Ibrahim Pacha (Al-Jazira province), Mustafa bey Ibn Shahin (Jarabulus) and Hassan Aouni (Kurd Dagh). There were later in the year, from March 30 to April 6, "complementary elections".
...
Wikipedia