Spanish Civil War

Spanish Civil War
Part of the Interwar period
Members of the XI International Brigade of the Republican International Brigades at the Battle of Belchite ride on a Soviet T-26 tank
Date 17 July 1936 – 1 April 1939 (2 years, 8 months, 2 weeks and 1 day) Location Spain Spanish protectorate in Morocco Spanish Guinea Mediterranean Sea North Atlantic Result Nationalist victory End of the Second Spanish Republic Establishment of Francoist Spain
Belligerents
Republicans Popular Front CNT/FAI UGT Generalitat of Catalonia EG (1936–37) PG International Brigades Foreign volunteers Supported by  Soviet Union  Mexico	Nationalists FET y de las JONS (from 1937) FE de la JONS (1936–37) (1936–37) CEDA (1936–37) RE (1936–37) Alfonsists (1936–37) Supported by Italy Portugal Germany Foreign volunteers
Commanders and leaders
Republican leaders Manuel Azaña Julián Besteiro Francisco Largo Caballero Juan Negrín Indalecio Prieto Vicente Rojo Lluch José Miaja Juan Modesto Juan Hernández Saravia Carlos Romero Giménez Buenaventura Durruti † Lluís Companys José Antonio Aguirre	Nationalist leaders José Sanjurjo † Emilio Mola † Francisco Franco Gonzalo Queipo de Llano Juan Yagüe Miguel Cabanellas † Manuel Goded Llopis † Manuel Hedilla Manuel Fal Conde Mohamed Meziane
Strength
1938 strength: 450,000 infantry 350 aircraft 200 tanks	1938 strength: 600,000 infantry 600 aircraft 290 tanks
Casualties and losses
estimated 500,000 killed 450,000 fled

Nationalist victory

Supported by

Supported by

The Spanish Civil War (Spanish: Guerra Civil Española), widely known in Spain simply as The Civil War (Spanish: Guerra Civil) or The War (Spanish: La Guerra), took place from 1936 to 1939 and was fought between the Republicans, who were loyal to the democratic, left-leaning and relatively urban Second Spanish Republic in an alliance of convenience with the Anarchists, versus the Nationalists, a falangist, Carlist and a largely aristocratic conservative group led by General Francisco Franco. Although the war is often portrayed as a struggle between democracy and fascism, some historians consider it more accurately described as a struggle between leftist revolution and rightist counterrevolution. Ultimately, the Nationalists won, and Franco then ruled Spain for the next 36 years, from April 1939 until his death in November 1975.

The war began after a pronunciamiento (declaration of opposition) by a group of generals of the Spanish Republican Armed Forces, originally under the leadership of José Sanjurjo, against the elected, leftist government of the Second Spanish Republic, at the time under the leadership of President Manuel Azaña. The Nationalist group was supported by a number of conservative groups, including the Spanish Confederation of Autonomous Right-wing Groups (Confederación Española de Derechas Autónomas, or CEDA), monarchists such as the religious conservative (Catholic) Carlists, and the Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista, a fascist group. Sanjurjo was killed in an aircraft accident while attempting to return from exile in Portugal, whereupon Franco emerged as the leader of the Nationalists.

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Wikipedia