Manuel Azaña
| Manuel Azaña | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| 7th President of the Spanish Republic 2nd of the Second Spanish Republic (1931–1939) |
|
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In office 10 May 1936 – 3 March 1939 |
|
| Prime Minister |
Santiago Casares Quiroga Diego Martínez Barrio José Giral Francisco Largo Caballero Juan Negrín |
| Preceded by |
Niceto Alcalá-Zamora Acting president Diego Martínez Barrio |
| Succeeded by |
Francisco Franco (Caudillo of Spain) |
| 55th Prime Minister of Spain | |
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In office 14 October 1931 – 6 September 1933 |
|
| President | Niceto Alcalá-Zamora |
| Preceded by | Juan Bautista Aznar Cabañas |
| Succeeded by | Alejandro Lerroux |
| 63rd Prime Minister of Spain | |
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In office 19 February 1936 – 10 May 1936 |
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| President |
Niceto Alcalá-Zamora (1936) Diego Martínez Barrio (1936) |
| Preceded by | Manuel Portela Valladares |
| Succeeded by | Santiago Casares Quiroga |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
Manuel Azaña Díaz 10 January 1880 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain |
| Died | 3 November 1940 (aged 60) Montauban, Midi-Pyrénées, France |
| Nationality | Spanish |
| Political party |
Republican Left (1934-1940) |
| Other political affiliations |
Republican Action (1930-1934) |
| Spouse(s) | Dolores de Rivas Cherif |
| Occupation | Jurist |
Manuel Azaña Díaz (Spanish pronunciation: [maˈnwel aˈθaɲa]; 10 January 1880 – 3 November 1940) was the second Prime Minister of the Second Spanish Republic (1931–1933), and later served again as Prime Minister (1936), and then as the second and last President of the Republic (1936–1939). The Spanish Civil War broke out while he was President. With the defeat of the Republic in 1939, he fled to France, resigned his office, and died in exile shortly afterwards.
Born into a rich family, Manuel Azaña Díaz was orphaned at a very young age. He studied in the Universidad Complutense, the Cisneros Institute and the Agustinos of El Escorial. He was awarded a Lawyer's licence by the University of Zaragoza in 1897, and a doctorate by the Universidad Complutense in 1900.
In 1909 he achieved a position at the Main Directorate of the Registries and practiced the profession of civil law notary, and traveled to Paris in 1911. He became involved in politics and in 1914 joined the Reformist Republican Party led by Melquíades Álvarez. He collaborated in the production of various newspapers, such as El Imparcial and El Sol. During World War I he covered operations on the Western Front for various newspapers. His treatment was very sympathetic to the French, and he may have been subsidized by French military intelligence. Afterwards he directed the magazines Pluma and España between 1920 and 1924, founding the former with his brother-in-law Cipriano Rivas Cherif. He was secretary of the Ateneo de Madrid (1913–1920), becoming its president in 1930. He was a candidate for the province of Toledo in 1918 and 1923, but lost on both occasions. In 1926 he founded the Acción Republicana ("Republican Action") party with José Giral.
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