Ateneo de Madrid
| Ateneo de Madrid | |
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Native name Spanish: Ateneo de Madrid |
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Façade of the Athenæum of Madrid, on Prado Street.
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| Location | Madrid, Spain |
| Coordinates | 40°24′54″N 3°41′54″W / 40.415040°N 3.698251°WCoordinates: 40°24′54″N 3°41′54″W / 40.415040°N 3.698251°W |
| Official name: Ateneo de Madrid | |
| Type | Non-movable |
| Criteria | Monument |
| Designated | 1992 |
| Reference no. | RI-51-0006878 |
 Location of Ateneo de Madrid in Spain
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The Ateneo de Madrid ("Athenæum of Madrid") is a private cultural institution located in the capital of Spain that was founded in 1820. Its full name is Ateneo Científico, Literario y Artístico de Madrid ("Scientific, Literary and Artistic Athenæum of Madrid").
The roots of the Athenæum trace to the ideals of Francophiles and liberals of the early 19th century.
After the Napoleonic invasion of Spain, the Afrancesado, who had joined the French cause]] and supported Joseph Bonaparte as king of Spain, were exiled with him upon the triumph of the Supreme Central Junta and the Cádiz Cortes, which enacted in 1812 the first Spanish liberal constitution.
The restoration of Ferdinand VII in 1814 after the previous year's Treaty of Valençay, however, brought a return to absolutism and the flight of the Spanish patriots of Cádiz. Much of the enlightened aristocracy that for one reason or another had been persecuted in Spain took refuge in France and England.
The return of the exiles during the "liberal triennium" from 1820 to 1823 allowed the creation of the Spanish Athenæum, directed by Juan Manuel de los Rios. When King Ferdinand reasserted his absolutism in 1823, however, that institution's scholars went into London exile.
Ferdinand's death in 1833, an amnesty the following year, and the support of liberals for the cause of Isabella II, still a child, over that of the pretender Don Carlos, her uncle, created a new atmosphere of tolerance during the regency of Ferdinand's widow Maria Christina.
In 1835 the former Spanish Ateneo of 1820 was reborn as the Ateneo Científico y Literario de Madrid under the patronage of Salustiano Olózaga, Ángel de Saavedra, Antonio Alcalá Galiano, Ramón de Mesonero Romanos, Francisco López Olavarrieta, Francisco Fabra and Juan Manuel de los Rios.
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