Sodium chlorate

Sodium chlorate

Names
IUPAC name Sodium chlorate
Other names Sodium chlorate(V)
Identifiers
CAS Number	7775-09-9 Y
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
ChEBI	CHEBI:65242 N
ChemSpider	22895 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.028.989
EC Number	231-887-4
KEGG	C18765 Y
MeSH	Sodium+chlorate
PubChem	516902
RTECS number	FO0525000
UNII	T95DR77GMR Y
UN number	1495, 2428
InChI InChI=1S/ClHO3.Na/c2-1(3)4;/h(H,2,3,4);/q;+1/p-1 Y Key: YZHUMGUJCQRKBT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Y InChI=1S/ClHO3.Na/c2-1(3)4;/h(H,2,3,4);/q;+1/p-1 Key: YZHUMGUJCQRKBT-UHFFFAOYSA-M InChI=1/ClHO3.Na/c2-1(3)4;/h(H,2,3,4);/q;+1/p-1 Key: YZHUMGUJCQRKBT-REWHXWOFAH
SMILES [Na+].[O-]Cl(=O)=O
Properties
Chemical formula	NaClO3
Appearance	Colorless or white solid, hygroscopic
Odor	Odorless
Density	2.49 g/cm3 (15 °C) 2.54 g/cm3 (20.2 °C)
Melting point	248–261 °C (478–502 °F; 521–534 K)
Boiling point	300–400 °C (572–752 °F; 573–673 K) decomposes
Solubility in water	79 g/100 mL (0 °C) 89 g/100 mL (10 °C) 105.7 g/100 mL (25 °C) 125 g/100 mL (40 °C) 220.4 g/100 mL (100 °C)
Solubility	Soluble in glycerol, hydrazine, methanol Slightly soluble in ethanol, ammonia
Solubility in acetone	51.8 g/100 g
Solubility in glycerol	20 g/100 g (15.5 °C)
Solubility in ethanol	14.7 g/100 g
Vapor pressure	<0.35 mPa
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	−34.7·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD)	1.515 (20 °C)
Structure
Crystal structure	Cubic
Thermochemistry
Specific heat capacity (C)	104.6 J/mol·K
Std molar entropy (So298)	129.7 J/mol·K
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfHo298)	-365.4 kJ/mol
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG˚)	-275 kJ/mol
Hazards
Safety data sheet	ICSC 1117
GHS pictograms
GHS signal word	Danger
GHS hazard statements	H271, H302, H411
GHS precautionary statements	P220, P273
EU classification (DSD)	O Xn N
R-phrases	R9, R22, R51/53
S-phrases	(S2), S13, S17, S46, S61
NFPA 704	0 2 3 OX
Flash point	Non-flammable
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	6500 mg/kg (rats, oral) 700 mg/kg (dogs, oral)
Related compounds
Other anions	Sodium chloride Sodium hypochlorite Sodium chlorite Sodium perchlorate Sodium bromate Sodium iodate
Other cations	Ammonium chlorate Potassium chlorate Barium chlorate
Related compounds	Chloric acid
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N  (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Sodium chlorate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaClO₃. It is a white crystalline powder that is readily soluble in water. It is hygroscopic. It decomposes above 300 °C to release oxygen and leave sodium chloride. Several hundred million tons are produced annually, mainly for applications in bleaching paper.

Industrially, sodium chlorate is produced by the electrolysis of a hot sodium chloride solution:

This reaction progresses in heat (at least 70 degrees Celsius), and controlled pH. In lower temperature or with high pH another reaction progresses: 2 NaCl + H₂O → NaClO + NaCl + H₂

The Chloralkali process is an industrial process for the electrolytic production of sodium hydroxide and chlorine.

It can also be synthesized by passing chlorine gas through a solution of sodium hydroxide. It is then purified by crystallization.

The main commercial use for sodium chlorate is for making chlorine dioxide (ClO₂). The largest application of ClO₂, which accounts for about 95% of the use of chlorate, is in bleaching of pulp. All perchlorate compounds are produced industrially by the oxidation of solutions of sodium chlorate by electrolysis.

Sodium chlorate is used as a non-selective herbicide. It is considered phytotoxic to all green plant parts. It can also kill through root absorption.

Sodium chlorate may be used to control a variety of plants including morning glory, canada thistle, johnson grass, bamboo, Ragwort, and St John's wort. The herbicide is mainly used on non-crop land for spot treatment and for total vegetation control on areas including roadsides, fenceways, and ditches. Sodium chlorate is also used as a defoliant and desiccant for: