Ammonia

Ammonia

Names
IUPAC name Azane
Other names Hydrogen nitride Trihydrogen nitride Nitrogen trihydride
Identifiers
CAS Number	7664-41-7 Y
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
3DMet	B00004
Beilstein Reference	3587154
ChEBI	CHEBI:16134 Y
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1160819 Y
ChemSpider	217 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.028.760
EC Number	231-635-3
Gmelin Reference	79
KEGG	D02916 Y
MeSH	Ammonia
PubChem	222
RTECS number	BO0875000
UNII	5138Q19F1X Y
UN number	1005
InChI InChI=1S/H3N/h1H3 Y Key: QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y InChI=1/H3N/h1H3 Key: QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYAF
SMILES N
Properties
Chemical formula	NH3
Molar mass	17.031 g/mol
Appearance	Colourless gas
Odor	strong pungent odour
Density	0.86 kg/m3 (1.013 bar at boiling point) 0.769  kg/m3 (STP) 0.73 kg/m3 (1.013 bar at 15 °C) 681.9 kg/m3 at −33.3 °C (liquid) 817 kg/m3 at −80 °C (transparent solid)
Melting point	−77.73 °C (−107.91 °F; 195.42 K) (Triple point at 6.060 kPa, 195.4 K)
Boiling point	−33.34 °C (−28.01 °F; 239.81 K)
Solubility in water	47% w/w (0 °C) 31% w/w (25 °C) 18% w/w (50 °C)
Solubility	soluble in chloroform, ether, ethanol, methanol
Vapor pressure	857.3 kPa
Acidity (pKa)	32.5 (−33 °C), 10.5 (DMSO)
Basicity (pKb)	4.75
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	-18.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD)	1.3327
Viscosity	0.276 cP (−40 °C)
Structure
Point group	C3v
Molecular shape	Trigonal pyramid
Dipole moment	1.42 D
Thermochemistry
Std molar entropy (So298)	193 J·mol−1·K−1
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfHo298)	−46 kJ·mol−1
Hazards
Safety data sheet	See: data page ICSC 0414 (anhydrous)
GHS pictograms
GHS hazard statements	H221, H280, H314, H331, H400
GHS precautionary statements	P210, P261, P273, P280, P305+351+338, P310
EU classification (DSD)	T C N
R-phrases	R10, R23, R34, R50
S-phrases	(S1/2), S9, S16, S26, S36/37/39, S45, S61
NFPA 704	1 3 0
Flash point	flammable gas
Autoignition temperature	651 °C (1,204 °F; 924 K)
Explosive limits	15–28%
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	0.015 mL/kg (human, oral)
LC50 (median concentration)	40,300 ppm (rat, 10 min) 28595 ppm (rat, 20 min) 20300 ppm (rat, 40 min) 11590 ppm (rat, 1 hr) 7338 ppm (rat, 1 hr) 4837 ppm (mouse, 1 hr) 9859 ppm (rabbit, 1 hr) 9859 ppm (cat, 1 hr) 2000 ppm (rat, 4 hr) 4230 ppm (mouse, 1 hr)
LCLo (lowest published)	5000 ppm (mammal, 5 min) 5000 ppm (human, 5 min)
US health exposure limits (NIOSH):
PEL (Permissible)	50 ppm (25 ppm ACGIH- TLV; 35 ppm STEL)
REL (Recommended)	TWA 25 ppm (18 mg/m3) ST 35 ppm (27 mg/m3)
IDLH (Immediate danger)	300 ppm
Related compounds
Other cations	Phosphine Arsine Stibine
Related nitrogen hydrides	Hydrazine Hydrazoic acid
Related compounds	Ammonium hydroxide
Supplementary data page
Structure and properties	Refractive index (n), Dielectric constant (εr), etc.
Thermodynamic data	Phase behaviour solid–liquid–gas
Spectral data	UV, IR, NMR, MS
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Y  (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Trihydrogen nitride

0.769  kg/m³ (STP)
0.73 kg/m³ (1.013 bar at 15 °C)
681.9 kg/m³ at −33.3 °C (liquid)
817 kg/m³ at −80 °C (transparent solid)

Ammonia or azane is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula NH₃. The simplest pnictogen hydride, ammonia is a colourless gas with a characteristic pungent smell. It contributes significantly to the nutritional needs of terrestrial organisms by serving as a precursor to food and fertilizers. Ammonia, either directly or indirectly, is also a building block for the synthesis of many pharmaceutical products and is used in many commercial cleaning products.

Although common in nature and in wide use, ammonia is both caustic and hazardous in its concentrated form. It is classified as an extremely hazardous substance in the United States as defined in Section 302 of the U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (42 U.S.C. 11002), and is subject to strict reporting requirements by facilities which produce, store, or use it in significant quantities.

The global industrial production of ammonia in 2014 was 176 million tonnes (173,000,000 long tons; 194,000,000 short tons), a 16% increase over the 2006 global industrial production of 152 million tonnes (150,000,000 long tons; 168,000,000 short tons).

NH₃ boils at −33.34 °C (−28.012 °F) at a pressure of one atmosphere, so the liquid must be stored under pressure or at low temperature. Household ammonia or ammonium hydroxide is a solution of NH₃ in water. The concentration of such solutions is measured in units of the Baumé scale (density), with 26 degrees baumé (about 30% (by weight) ammonia at 15.5 °C or 59.9 °F) being the typical high-concentration commercial product.