S. M. Shirokogoroff

Sergei Mikhailovich Shirokogorov (Russian: Серге́й Михайлович Широкогоров; Chinese: 史祿國; pinyin: Shǐ Lùguó, 1887-1939) was a Russian anthropologist. A White émigré, he lived in China from 1922 until his death.

Shirokogoroff was born in Suzdal. He went to France in 1906 to study at the University of Paris (Sorbonne) and then the École d'anthropologie. He returned to Russia in 1910 to enter the Natural Sciences Department of the Saint Petersburg University, but pursued other interests including archaeology and then anthropology. Under the direction of Vasily Radlov he began studying the ethnography of the Tungusic peoples, participating in expeditions in northeast China and eastern Siberia.

In 1912, Shirokogoroff started his research of the ethnography of the Manchu people. As Manchus in most of China had by that time long been strongly Sinicized in their language and culture, Shirokogoroff went in 1915 to one of the most remote corner of the country, the Aigun district (now Heihe) on the Amur River, opposite Russia's Blagoveshchensk. The Aigun area until recently had few Chinese settlers, and, despite the dislocations occasioned by the events of 1900, the Manchus there had largely preserved their language and distinct way of life. Shirokogoroff spent 18 months working with the Manchus there. In 1917-1918 he complemented his Aigun field research with a study of the Manchus in Beijing, who had been living there in the Chinese environment since 1644.

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