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Punjab (Pakistan)

Punjab
پنجاب
Province
Badshahi Mosque, Lahore..JPG
Noor Mahal.JPG Shah Rukhn-i-Alam Multan.jpg
Clock Tower Faisalabad by Usman Nadeem.jpg
Flag of Punjab
Flag
Official seal of Punjab
Seal
Location of Punjab in Pakistan
Location of Punjab in Pakistan
Coordinates: 31°N 72°E / 31°N 72°E / 31; 72Coordinates: 31°N 72°E / 31°N 72°E / 31; 72
Country Pakistan
Established 1 July 1970
Capital Lahore Emblem.png Lahore
Largest city Lahore Emblem.png Lahore
Government
 • Type Self-governing Province subject to the Federal Government
 • Governor Rafique Rajwana
 • Chief Minister Shahbaz Sharif
 • Legislature Provincial Assembly
 • High Court Lahore High Court
Area
 • Total 205,344 km2 (79,284 sq mi)
Population (2015)
 • Total 101,391,000
 • Density 490/km2 (1,300/sq mi)
Time zone PKT (UTC+5)
ISO 3166 code PK-PB
Main Language(s)
Other languages: Pashto, Balochi, Sindhi; Saraiki
Notable sports teams Lahore Qalandars
Lahore Lions
Rawalpindi Rams
Sialkot Stallions
Bahawalpur Stags
Multan Tigers
Seats in National Assembly 183
Seats in Provincial Assembly 371
Districts 36
Tehsils 127
Union Councils 7602
Website www.punjab.gov.pk

Punjab (Urdu, Punjabi: پنجاب, pənj-āb, "five waters": About this sound listen ), is Pakistan's second largest province by area after Balochistan, and its most populous province with an estimated population of 101,391,000 as of 2015. It is bordered by Sindh, Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, as well as the regions of Islamabad Capital Territory and the Azad Kashmir. It also shares borders with the Indian states of Punjab, Rajasthan, and Jammu and Kashmir. The provincial capital of Punjab is the city Lahore, a cultural centre of Pakistan where the country's cinema industry, and much of its fashion industry, are based.

Punjab has been inhabited since ancient times. The Indus Valley Civilization, dating to 2600 BCE, was first discovered at Harappa. Punjab features heavily in the Hindu epic poem, the Mahabharata, and is home to Taxila, site of what is considered by many to be the oldest university in the world. In 326 BCE, Alexander the Great defeated King Porus at the Battle of the Hydaspes near Mong, Punjab. The Umayyad empire conquered Punjab in the 8th century CE. Punjab was later invaded by Tamerlane, Babur, and Nader Shah. Punjab reached the height of its splendour during the reign of the Mughal Empire, which for a time ruled from Lahore. Following a successful rebellion, Sikh-led armies claimed Lahore in 1759. The administration of the Sikh Empire was based out of Lahore, until its defeat by the British. Punjab was central to the independence movements of both India and Pakistan, with Lahore being site of both the Declaration of Indian Independence, and the resolution calling for the establishment of Pakistan. The province was formed when the Punjab province of British India was divided along religious boundaries in 1947 by the Radcliffe Line after Partition.


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