Portuguese Third Republic

Portuguese Republic República Portuguesa  (Portuguese)
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem: "A Portuguesa" "The Portuguese"
Location of  Portugal  (dark green) – in Europe  (green & dark grey) – in the European Union  (green)
Capital and largest city	Lisbon 38°46′N 9°9′W / 38.767°N 9.150°W / 38.767; -9.150
Official languages	Portuguese
Recognised regional languages	Mirandese
Ethnic groups (2011)	96.3% Portuguese 3.7% others
Demonym	Portuguese
Government	Unitary semi-presidential constitutional republic
• President	Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
• Assembly President	Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues
• Prime Minister	António Costa
Legislature	Assembly of the Republic
Formation
• Foundation	868
• Re-founding	1095
• Sovereignty	24 June 1128
• Kingdom	26 July 1139
• Recognition	5 October 1143
• Papal recognition	23 May 1179
• Restoration	1 December 1640
• Republic	5 October 1910
• Democratization	25 April 1974
• Present Constitution	25 April 1976
• EEC accession	1 January 1986
Area
• Total	92,212 km2 (35,603 sq mi) (111th)
• Water (%)	0.5
Population
• 2015 estimate	10,341,330 (83rd)
• 2011 census	10,562,178
• Density	115/km2 (297.8/sq mi) (97th)
GDP (PPP)	2017 estimate
• Total	$306.762 billion (50th)
• Per capita	$29,422 (40th)
GDP (nominal)	2017 estimate
• Total	$213.001 billion (43th)
• Per capita	$20,429 (36th)
Gini (2013)	34.2 medium
HDI (2015)	0.843 very high · 41st
Currency	Euro (€) (EUR)
Time zone	WET/GMT (UTC) AZOT (UTC−1)
• Summer (DST)	WEST (UTC+1) AZOST (UTC)
	Note: Mainland Portugal and Madeira use WET/WEST, the Azores use AZOT/AZOST
Antipodes	New Zealand and Pacific Ocean
Date format	dd/mm/yyyy
Drives on the	right
Calling code	+351
ISO 3166 code	PT
Internet TLD	.pt
^ Mirandese, spoken in some villages of the municipality of Miranda do Douro, was officially recognized in 1999 (Lei n.° 7/99 de 29 de Janeiro), awarding it an official right-of-use. Portuguese Sign Language is also recognized. ^ Portuguese Constitution adopted in 1976 with several subsequent minor revisions, between 1982 and 2005. ^ Before 2002, the escudo.

– in Europe  (green & dark grey)
– in the European Union  (green)

The Third Portuguese Republic is a period in the history of Portugal corresponding to the current democratic regime installed after the Carnation Revolution of 25 April 1974, that put an end to the paternal autocratic regime of Estado Novo of António de Oliveira Salazar and Marcello Caetano. It was initially characterized by constant instability and was threatened by the possibility of a civil war during the early post-revolutionary years. A new constitution was drafted, censorship was prohibited, free speech declared, political prisoners were released and major Estado Novo institutions were closed. Eventually the country granted independence to its African colonies and begun a process of democratization that led to the accession of Portugal to the EEC (today's European Union) in 1986.

In Portugal, 1926 marked the end of the First Republic, in a military coup that established an authoritarian government called Estado Novo, that was led by António de Oliveira Salazar until 1968, when he was forced to step down due to health problems. Salazar was succeeded by Marcelo Caetano. The government faced many internal and external problems, including the Portuguese Colonial War.

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