First Portuguese Republic
| Portuguese Republic | ||||||||||
| República Portuguesa | ||||||||||
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Anthem A Portuguesa (Portuguese) The Portuguese |
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| Capital | Lisbon | |||||||||
| Languages | Portuguese (in Continental Portugal, Madeira and Azores, official in the Portuguese Empire) | |||||||||
| Religion | Secular state | |||||||||
| Government | Parliamentary republic | |||||||||
| President | ||||||||||
| • | 1911–1915 | Manuel de Arriaga (1st) | ||||||||
| • | 1925–1926 | Bernardino Machado (last) | ||||||||
| Prime Minister | ||||||||||
| • | 1911 | João Pinheiro Chagas (1st) | ||||||||
| • | 1925–1926 | António Maria da Silva (last) | ||||||||
| Legislature | Congress of the Republic | |||||||||
| • | Upper house | Senate | ||||||||
| • | Lower house | Chamber of Deputies | ||||||||
| History | ||||||||||
| • | Established | October 5, 1910 | ||||||||
| • | August 21, 1911 | |||||||||
| • | Disestablished | May 29, 1926 | ||||||||
| Area | ||||||||||
| • | 1911 | 92,391 km² (35,672 sq mi) | ||||||||
| Population | ||||||||||
| • | 1911 est. | 5,969,056 | ||||||||
| Density | 64.6 /km² (167.3 /sq mi) | |||||||||
| • | 1920 est. | 6,032,991 | ||||||||
| Density | 65.3 /km² (169.1 /sq mi) | |||||||||
| Currency |
Portuguese real (1910–1911) Portuguese escudo (1911–1926) |
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The First Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: Primeira República) spans a complex 16-year period in the history of Portugal, between the end of the period of constitutional monarchy marked by the 5 October 1910 revolution and the 28 May coup d'état of 1926. The last movement instituted a military dictatorship known as Ditadura Nacional (national dictatorship) that would be followed by the corporatist Estado Novo (new state) regime of António de Oliveira Salazar.
The sixteen years of the First Republic saw nine presidents and 44 ministries, and have been described as consisting of "continual anarchy, government corruption, rioting and pillage, assassinations, arbitrary imprisonment and religious persecution".
As far as the October 1910 Revolution is concerned, a number of valuable studies have been made, first among which ranks Vasco Pulido Valente’s polemical thesis. This historian posited the Jacobin and urban nature of the revolution carried out by the Portuguese Republican Party (PRP) and claimed that the PRP had turned the republican regime into a de facto dictatorship. This vision clashes with an older interpretation of the First Republic as a progressive and increasingly democratic regime which presented a clear contrast to Salazar’s ensuing dictatorship.
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Wikipedia