António de Oliveira Salazar
| António de Oliveira Salazar | |
|---|---|
António de Oliveira Salazar in 1940
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| 100th Prime Minister of Portugal | |
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In office 5 July 1932 – 25 September 1968 |
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| President |
Óscar Carmona Francisco Craveiro Lopes Américo Tomás |
| Preceded by | Domingos Oliveira |
| Succeeded by | Marcelo Caetano |
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President of Portugal Acting |
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In office 18 April 1951 – 9 August 1951 |
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| Preceded by |
Óscar Carmona as President |
| Succeeded by |
Francisco Craveiro Lopes as President |
| Minister of Defence | |
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In office 13 April 1961 – 4 December 1962 |
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| Preceded by | Júlio Botelho Moniz |
| Succeeded by | Gomes de Araújo |
| Minister of War | |
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In office 11 May 1936 – 6 September 1944 |
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| Preceded by | Abílio Passos e Sousa |
| Succeeded by | Fernando dos Santos Costa |
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In office 5 July 1932 – 6 July 1932 |
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| Preceded by | António Lopes Mateus |
| Succeeded by | Daniel Rodrigues de Sousa |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs | |
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In office 6 November 1936 – 4 February 1944 |
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| Preceded by | Armindo Monteiro |
| Succeeded by | José Caeiro da Mata |
| Minister of Finance | |
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In office 28 April 1928 – 28 August 1940 |
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| Prime Minister |
José Vicente de Freitas Artur Ivens Ferraz Domingos Oliveira |
| Preceded by | José Vicente de Freitas |
| Succeeded by | João Lumbrales |
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In office 3 June 1926 – 19 June 1926 |
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| Prime Minister | José Mendes Cabeçadas |
| Preceded by | José Mendes Cabeçadas |
| Succeeded by | Câmara de Melo Cabral |
| Minister of the Navy | |
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In office 30 January 1939 – 2 February 1939 |
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| Preceded by | Manuel Ortins de Bettencourt |
| Succeeded by | Manuel Ortins de Bettencourt |
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In office 25 January 1936 – 5 February 1936 |
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| Preceded by | Manuel Ortins de Bettencourt |
| Succeeded by | Manuel Ortins de Bettencourt |
| Minister of the Colonies | |
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In office 3 November 1930 – 6 November 1930 |
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| Prime Minister | Domingos Oliveira |
| Preceded by | Eduardo Marques |
| Succeeded by | Eduardo Marques |
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In office 21 January 1930 – 20 July 1930 |
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| Prime Minister | Domingos Oliveira |
| Preceded by | Eduardo Marques |
| Succeeded by | Eduardo Marques |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
28 April 1889 Vimieiro, Santa Comba Dão, Portugal |
| Died | 27 July 1970 (aged 81) Lisbon, Portugal |
| Political party |
Academic Centre of Christian Democracy (Before 1930) National Union (1930–1970) |
| Alma mater | University of Coimbra |
| Profession | Professor |
| Signature |  |
António de Oliveira Salazar GCSE, GCIC, GCTE, GColIH (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐ̃ˈtɔniu dɨ oliˈvɐjɾɐ sɐlɐˈzaɾ]; 28 April 1889 – 27 July 1970) was a Portuguese politician and economist who served as Prime Minister of Portugal for 36 years, from 1932 to 1968. Salazar founded and led the Estado Novo ("New State"), the corporatist authoritarian government that ruled Portugal until 1974.
After the Portuguese coup d'état of 28 May 1926, Salazar entered public life with the support of President Óscar Carmona, initially as finance minister and later as prime minister. Opposed to democracy, communism, socialism, anarchism and liberalism, the ideology of Portugal was conservative and nationalist in nature under his rule. Salazar also promoted Catholicism, but argued that the role of the Church was social, not political, and negotiated the Concordat of 1940.
With the Estado Novo enabling him to exercise vast political powers, Salazar used heavy-handed censorship and a ubiquitous secret police to quell opposition, especially that related to the Communist movement. He supported Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War, and, like Franco, kept his nation neutral during World War II. During his rule, Portugal joined NATO and began the Portuguese Colonial War. The doctrine of Pluricontinentalism was the basis of his territorial policy, a conception of the Portuguese Empire as a unified state that spanned multiple continents.
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